Pronunciation V5 part 1

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 5

Fluency exam

H5 part 1

Determine the goal of your presentation

Do you want to inform, entertain or persuade your audience?

Find out what audience you will be talking to.

Are they experts on your topic? Or merely interested?

Do some research

You probably know the topic, but you'll need information, facts, details....

Write an outline. 

Organise your information and decide what you are going to say to introduce your topic, what the main part of your presentation will consist of, and how you are going to conluse the presentation. Put this all in a structured way on a piece of paper - in keywords!

Decide if you are going to use a visual presentation.

Only pictures!

Vocabulary

thesaurus.com

Idiomatic expressions - use  Dutch / English dictionary; looking up the Dutch word you're using. After the regular translation, you'll find context sentences and idiomatic expressions and their English equivalents.

Practise your talk!

Do not read, try to use only your outline. 

Difficult vowel sounds

u:	too, group, shoe, blue
ʊ	full, sugar, book, foot, would
ɑ:	after, afternoon, ask, answer, bath, etc.
ʌ	bus, colour, come, cup, front, London, etc.
ɒ	bottle, box, chocolate, clock, coffee, etc.
ɔ:	all, ball, call, fall, tall, wall, water, talk, etc.

Practise these sentences

1. Barclays have granted us an advantage to start branches in France and Flanders.

2. I've discovered a funny bump on my thumb.

3. My mum Busby loves mutton curry smothered with onion chutney - the glutton.

4. If Tom's off alcohol, offer him orange squash, not Scotch on the rocks.

5. Are you in a suitable mood for soothing music, Julia?

6. She was a good-looking woman, but she couldn't cook.

Difficult consonant sounds

t	tea, till, ten, top, two, twenty water, etc.
d	day, deep, do, door, did, food, good, etc.
f	feel, first, café, after, leaf, off, coffee, etc.
v	very, travel, every, have, leave
θ	thin, thanks, thirty, theatre, thumb, etc.
ð	this, that, these, those, then, they, etc.

Practise these sentences

1. If Fred's caught a bad cold, he'd better spend today in bed.

2. Pete bet me eight quid that Bob Todd wouldn't beat Bert Potter in tonight's big fight.

3. Seventy-five's fine, if there's perfect visibility - but not if it's foggy.

4. If they visit the theatre they won't want to sit through a thriller.

5. Did you discover whether there's ever anyone there at three on Fridays?

Pronunciation; rhyme
Which word does not rhyme with the other?

1. too
2. sew
3. due
4. do

Pronunciation; rhyme
Which word does not rhyme with the other?

1. debt
2. sweat
3. treat
4. fret

Pronunciation; rhyme
Which word does not rhyme with the other?

1. mother
2. brother
3. bother
4. another

Pronunciation; rhyme
Which word does not rhyme with the other?

1. two
2. view
3. through
4. tough

Your turn..

Pronounce the following words:

Bald	Vase	Privacy
Falcon	Vitamin	Missile
Clique	Wrath	Mobile
Schedule	Either	Niche
Herb	Parliament	Semi

Pronunciation

H5 part 2

Introduction

Introduce your topic in an interesting way.

- a funny anecdote

- some shocking figures

- a controversial quote

- a powerful image

Key words

You are allowed to use a piece of paper with keywords, however; don't fumble with it!

How to talk

relax and be aware of your voice

Don't mumble, articulate well

good pace

repeat important information in different words

Overview

It might help to start with an overview of what you are going to talk about

Mind your body language

Begin your talk with a smile, greet, make eye contact.

Q&A

We end the exam with a question and answer session. 

Repeat the question if you need time to think.

"You've raised a very interesting issue, but I'm afraid I don't have the information available to answer your question".

Today

Define your topic

Start working on outline

Which keywords?

Pitch your topic (next week)

Finish baseline exam

Index

1. Syllables

2. Word stress

Syllables

syllable (noun): a unit of pronunciation that has one vowel sound, and may or may not be surrounded by consonants. A syllable can form a whole word or part of a word. For example, there is one syllable in cat, two syllables in monkey and three syllables in elephant.

How many syllables in: green, quite, quiet, orange, unrealistic, unexceptional?

What is word stress?

In English, we do not say each syllable with the same force or strength. In one word, we accentuate ONE syllable. We say one syllable very loudly (big, strong, important) and all the other syllables very quietly.

photograph / photographer / photographic

What is word stress?

The syllables that are not stressed are weak or small or quiet. Fluent speakers of English listen for the STRESSED syllables, not the weak syllables. If you use word stress in your speech, you will instantly and automatically improve your pronunciation and your comprehension.

2 rules:

1. One word, one stress. (One word cannot have two stresses. So if you hear two stresses, you have heard two words, not one word.)

2. The stress is always on a vowel.

Why is word stress important?

1. word stress is NOT OPTIONAL in English.

2. Fluent English speakers use word stress to communicate rapidly and accurately, even in difficult conditions. If, for example, you do not hear a word clearly, you can still understand the word because of the position of the stress.

Word stress rules

There are some, rather complicated, rules that can help you understand where to put the stress. But do not rely on them too much, because there are many exceptions. It is better to try to "feel" the music of the language and to add the stress naturally.

A. Stress on first syllable

1. Most 2-syllable nouns.

PRESent, EXport, CHIna, TAble

2. Most 2-syllable adjectives.

PRESent, SLENder, CLEVer, HAPpy

B. Stress on last syllable

1. Most 2-syllable verbs.

preSENT, exPORT, deCIDE, beGIN

Change of meaning and class

"PRESENT"

-> stress on first syllable = gift/opposite of absent (noun/adjective)

-> stress on second syllable = to offer (verb)

Other examples:

export, import, contract, object 

"Invalid"
IN-va-lid

1. invalide
2. ongeldig

"content"
con-TENT

1. inhoud
2. tevreden

"Entrance"
en-TRANCE

1. toegang
2. in verrukking brengen

"Refuse"
REF-use

1. zelfstandig naamwoord
2. werkwoord

"Console"
con-SOLE

1. zelfstandig naamwoord
2. werkwoord

C. Stress on penultimate syllable (penultimate = second from end)

1. Word ending in -ic.

GRAPHic, geoGRAPHic, geoLOGic

2. Words ending in -sion and -tion.

teleVIsion, reveLAtion

However...

For a few words, native English speakers don't always "agree" on where to put the stress. For example, some people say teleVIsion and others say TELevision. Another example is: CONtroversy and conTROversy.

D. Stress on ante-penultimate syllable (ante-penultimate = third from end)

1. Words ending in -cy, -ty, -phy and -gy.

deMOcracy, dependaBIlity, phoTOgraphy, geOLogy

2. Words ending in -al

CRItical, geoLOGical

E. Compound words (words with two parts)

1. For compound nouns, the stress is on the first part.

BLACKbird, GREENhouse

2. For compound adjectives, the stress is on the second part

bad-TEMpered, old-FASHioned

3. For compound verbs, the stress is on the second part

underSTAND, overFLOW

"Antarctic"
Southern pole

1. ANT-ahrk-tik
2. ant-AHRK-tik
3. ant-ahrk-TIK

"Asterisk"
typographical symbol

1. AS-tuh-risk
2. as-TUH-risk
3. as-tuh-RISK

"Comfortable"
relaxing

1. KUHM-fer-tuh-buh l
2. kuhm-FER-tuh-buh l
3. kuhm-fer-TUG-buh l
4. kuhm-fer-tuh-BUH L

"Anathema"
Someone or something is intensely disliked.

1. UH-nath-uh-muh
2. uh-NATH-uh-muh
3. uh-nath-UH-muh
4. uh-nath-uh-MUH

"Exponentially"
something's increasing quickly by large amounts.

1. EK-spoh-nen-shuh lee
2. ek-SPOH-nen-shuh lee
3. ek-spoh-NEN-shuh lee
4. ek-spoh-nen-shuh LEE

"Ignominious"
synonym for dishonorable or despicable

1. IG-nuh-min-ee-uh s
2. ig-NUH-min-ee-uh s
3. ig-nuh-MIN-ee-uh s
4. ig-nuh-min-EE-uh s

"Antidisestablishmentarianism"
being opposed to the withdrawal of state support from an established church

1. AN-tee-dis-uh-stab-lish-muh n-tair-ee-uh-niz-uh-m
2. an-tee-DIS-uh-stab-lish-muh n-tair-ee-uh-niz-uh-m
3. an-tee-dis-uh-STAB-lish-muh n-tair-ee-uh-niz-uh-m
4. an-tee-dis-uh-stab-lish-muh n-TAIR-ee-uh-niz-uh-m