6.3 Stems

• Biologie
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 1

Lesson plan

1. Activate prior knowledge
   
2. Explanation of 6.3: stems
   
3. Make exercises 
   

What is not a function of the roots?

1. Absorbing water
2. Transporting nutrients
3. Anchoring the plant
4. Storing food reserves

What part of a root takes up water?

1. All parts
2. Tap root
3. Lateral root
4. Root hair

Apple tree is an example of a plant with:

1. a taproot system
2. fibrous root system

6.3 Stems

    Aim: What is (the anatomy and) the function of stems?

Functions 

-Stems:

-Transport water and nutrients around the organs of a plants.

-Hold up leaves, flowers and fruit.

-Have vascular bundles  trough stems, roots and leaves.

Stems

Woody and herbaceous plants:

-Woody plants make wood in the cell wall to stay firm.

-Herbaceous plants use water in vacuoles to stay firm.

A daffodil is an example of a woody plant

1. true
2. not true

Tekst

How do herbaceous plants get their strength and stay upright?

1. from woody stems
2. from the sun
3. from the pressure of water
4. from the roots

Parts of a stem

-Terminal bud (eindknop)

-Lateral bud (okselknop)

-Axil (bladoksel)

-Internodes(leden)

-Nodes(knopen)

Stems

-Buds: 

-Every year a new part of stem(internode) grows from a bud.

-You can count internodes to learn the age of a stem.

Xylem and phloem

• The xylem transports water and chemicals up the plant.
• The phloem transports water and chemicals down the plant.

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Beside you can see a picture of xylem and phloem in a plant stem. What directions do they flow in?

1. Xylem goes down and phloem goes up
2. Xylem goes up and phloem goes down
3. They both flow up
4. They both flow down

What has happened here?

Heartwood provides support and does not transport water

Sapwood transports water and minerals

Xylem = 'tubes' that transport water and minerals

Phloem = 'tubes' that transport sugars (glucose)

Annual rings

Trees:-Have annual rings (jaarringen).

-Annual rings have a light and a dark part.

Light: made in spring (early wood)

Dark: Made in summer (late wood)

Use this video to answer exercise 6 in Eduhint

Read page 156 textbook or part G in Eduhint. What is the name of the structure in the stem that transports food and water?

1. the highway
2. the tube
3. the vascular bundle
4. the stem

Why is this color change occurring?

1. vascular bundles transport water only
2. vascular bundles transport water and dissolved substances like dye

The rest of the video is about transpiration throught the leaves. This will be covered in 6.4 The leaves. You can see 'stomata' on page 160.

Bark of a tree is made of

1. cork
2. phloem and cork
3. xylem
4. sapwood

The oldest annual rings of a tree are located in the center of a trunk

1. true
2. not true

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Let's focus on english vocabulary

While watching this video I would like you to write down three new english scientific words that  are new to you. Try to find the meaning by listening to the context of the video. If you are still not sure make sure to ask me for the meaning.

Write down the three new words and their meaning you have learned by watching this video.

What needs to be transported in plants?

1. water
2. minerals
3. food products of photosynthesis
4. all are true

What does phloem transport?

1. glucose
2. water

Where is are the vascular bundels located in the roots?

1. in a ring towards the outside
2. in the center

sucrose and amino acids are products of photosynthesis

Transport in the xylem is

1. both ways
2. one way only (root to leave)

Why is this color change occurring?

1. vascular bundles transport water only
2. vascular bundles transport water and dissolved substances like dye

And now...

make 20 t/m 26, 28, 29

Homework is also learn: 6.1 t/m 6,3