Havo 4 - Unit 20

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 5

Lesson 1:

speaking

What are the most reliable clues in a police case?

discussion

• What are the causes of crime?
• Do films and tv programmes about violent crime help to cause more crime? Why (not)?
• Should life imprisonment mean 'life'?
• Is prison really the answer to crime?
  

reading

remember: pay attentions to certain words to help you decide which line goes where.

remember: exercises like this are also in your exam!

do exercises 3 and 4

Do you think there should be an international database with everyone's DNA on it?

1. yes
2. no
3. I am not sure
4. no, only national

exercise 6

What do the words in exercise 6 refer to?

listening

Answer questions a-j ( exercise 1)

cd 2 nr 16

Lesson 2:

Ex. 3 Gerunds and infinitives 2

What's the difference in meaning between:
a. I tried to stop the thief taking the woman's bag but I failed.
b. The burglar tried climbing through the kitchen window when he couldn't break the door lock.

a. I made an attempt to do something but it didn't work.

b. He thought of a way of doing something.

What's the difference in meaning between:
a. The detective stopped at the top of the hill 'to look' at the footprint.
b. Tom stopped 'working' for the police last year.

a. His intention/purpose was to look at the footprint.

b. He doesn't work for them any more. 

What's the difference in meaning between:
a. Pete regrets leaving his car unlocked.
b. We regret to inform you that your stolen bicycle has been found in the river.

a. He is sorry about something in the past.

b. A formal expression referring to the present.

What's the difference in meaning between:
a. I remember our house being broken into when I was six.
b. You must remember to get travel insurance tomorrow.

a. I remember something in the past.

b. do not forget to do something - here referring to the future.

What's the difference in meaning between:
a. Cycling without lights will mean getting a fine.
b. Sally means to write her first detective novel this autumn.

a. It will result in a fine. ('betekent')

b. She intends to write it. ('is van plan')

What's the difference in meaning between:
a. The police officer, after discussing personal safety, went on to talk about car crime in the town.
b. Lucy went on talking about having her suitcase stolen all evening.

a. He changed the topic.

b. She continued talking about the same topic.

Ex. 4 Gerunds and infinitives 2

a. The householder tried ____ a burglar alarm to the house to deter thieves.

1. to fit
2. fitting

b. I remember ____ about that kidnapping case in the papers some years ago.

1. to read
2. reading

c. I regret ____ you that your car tax has expired.

1. to inform
2. informing

d. Selling my car will mean ____ home in the dark every night.

1. to walk
2. walking

e. I'm sure Peter didn't mean ____ the little girl - he only pushed her.

1. to hurt
2. hurting

f. I wasn't shoplifting - I just forgot ____ for the scarf.

1. to pay
2. paying

g. I regret no ____ the police about my suspicions.

1. to tel
2. telling

h. Although he'd been arrested for drunk driving he continued ____ just the same.

1. to drink and drive
2. drinking and driving

i. I like ____ an eye on my neighbours' houses when they are away.

1. to keep
2. keeping

j. The policeman talked about robbery in general and then he went on ____ about sentencing.

1. to talk
2. talking

k. I was mugged as I stopped ____ my shoelace.

1. to do up
2. doing up

l. Susan tried ____ after the pickpocket but although she's a good runner she couldn't catch him.

1. to run
2. running

Although: "Susan tried to catch him, but failed"

gerund and infinitives

After some verbs you can use an infinitive (vorm I in present simple)as well as a gerund (ing form) without a difference in meaning.  

Start   I started working on my paper yesterday afternoon. 

              I started to work on my paper yesterday afternoon. 

Begin  I began thinking I could fail my driving test when I didn’t stop at the 

              traffic light. 

              I began to think I could fail my driving test when I didn’t stop at the 

              traffic light. 

gerunds and infinitives

Continue    He continued singing a popular song. 

                        He continued to sing a popular song. 

Attempt      They attempted extinguishing the fire 

                       They  attempted to extinguish the fire 

Intend         She intended being nicer to her sister. 

                       She intended to be nicer to her sister. 

gerunds and infinitives

Be accustomed to      They were accustomed to going out for   supper on Friday night. 

                                             They were accustomed to go out for  supper on Friday night. 

 committed to               He was committed to helping the  homeless. 

                                             He was committed to help the homeless. 

Can’t bear                       I can’t bear losing him 

                                            I can’t bear to lose him 

gerunds and infinitives

A small difference in meaning 

Like        I like playing golf ( in general) 

                 I like to play golf in Portugal. (habit or in particular) 

Prefer   He preferred learning Spanish  

                 He preferred to learn Spain in a Spanish- speaking 

                country  

gerunds and infinitives

Hate   He hates running in hot weather 

             He  hates to run in hot weather in the afternoons. 

Love   She loves baking cakes 

             She loves to bake cakes for weddings. 

Mind: Americans often use the infinitive instead of the gerund for both 

            sentences. 

Mind: After would like, would prefer, would hate and would love you use the infinitive for special/particular occasions or events. 

At a ball a gentleman asks a lady : “Would you like to dance?” 

gerunds and infinitives

_{Difference in meaning} 

Try             I tried to open the can but I didn’t have enough

                   strength in my hands to do it. (make an attempt) 

                  When learning the words by reading them out loud didn’t help I tried 

                  learning them using wrts. (experiment) 

Stop       teacher: stop talking! (stop doing what you are doing now) 

                 I stopped playing the music to make an announcement.  (stop doing 

                 what   you are doing now to do something else)  

gerunds and infinitives

Regret       I regret to tell you that you cannot join our club (bad news:  I am

                     sorry that I have to tell you …) 

                     I regret telling my teacher to shut up. ( I am sorry I did something)) 

Remember       You must remember to post that letter (you must not forget 

                               that you still have to do something in the future) 

                               I clearly remember posting the letter (You remember you did 

                               something in the past) 

 

gerunds and infinitives

Forget       I shouldn’t forget to congratulate him on the birth of his son (you still have to do it) 

                     I never forget going to Disneyland with my granddad (I will always remember 

                     something I did in the past) 

Mean         I mean to do my homework every day (It is my intention, I plan to do this) 

                     It means going to school at night as well ( the consequence of something) 

Go on        After school I’ll go on to study Economics ( continue with something else) 

                    The singer went on singing after the incident in the audience (continue with the same) 

Now do exercises 3 , 4 and 5

vocabulary: crime

to get away with = (ergens) mee weg komen

release = vrijlaten

hang = ophangen

let someone off = (iemand) laten gaan ( zonder of met een lichte straf)

illegal = illegaal

guilty = schuldig

innocent = onschuldig

suspicious = verdacht

vocabulary: crime

robbery = overval

theft = diefstal

terrorism = terrorisme

arrest = arresteren

burglar = inbreker

criminal = crimineel

jury = jury

gang = bende

vocabulary: crime

trial = rechtzaak

cell = cel

court = rechtbank

prison = gevangenis

punishment = straf

offence = overtreding

penalty = straf ( meestal in sport)

fine = boete

vocabulary: crime

accuse = beschuldigen / aanklagen

commit = plegen

charge = beschuldigen / aanklagen

now do exercise 6