9.2.1 The Russian Revolution -TEACH-

• History
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 3

9. The Time of World Wars

INTERBELLUM

2.1 The Russian Revolution

people in this lesson

Nicholas II

tsar (emperor)

Russia

Rasputin

mad wizard

Russia

Lenin

Communist leader

Soviet Union

Karl Marx

"father" of communism

Germany

CHAPTER 9.2

Chapter 9.2 is about the time between WW1 and WW2. We call this period (1919 - 1939) "the Interbellum". 

• We will learn how democracy was challenged when economic crises hit Europe. Several countries turned away from democracy and started their own political experiments, with devastating effects:

1. Communism in Russia
2. Fascism in Italy and Spain
   
3. National-Socialism in Germany.
   

• These new (dictatorial) ideologies would lead Europe to a new World War 

The Russian Revolution (1917)

Actually 2 revolutions:

I. February Revolution: 

• spontaneous peoples' revolution
  
• started with demonstrations for more bread, to end the war, end the absolute power of the czar.
• soldiers turned against the czar and joined the protesters

     

     effects: 

• the czar abdicated 
  
• a temporary (socialist) government took over
  
• but the war continued
  

The Russian Revolution

II. October Revolution: 

• a planned 'putsch', or 'coup' (= staatsgreep)
• Lenin and his Bolsheviks (= communists) seized power.

effects: 

• Lenin made peace with Germany (Treaty of Brest Litovsk)
• Lenin became a dictator and started to turn Russia into a              communist state: the Soviet Union

• land, factories and businesses were taken from their private owners and became state property 

0

SOCIALISM & COMMUNISM

Karl Marx, a 19th century German, came with the idea of SOCIALISM:

GOAL:

• a better life for the poor working class people in society. 
• More equality.

HOW:

• More government control of the economy and less / no economic freedom for the capitalists / industrialists

 

SOCIALISM & COMMUNISM

HOW?

Try to get more SOCIAL LAWS (= laws that benefit the workers):

• Minimum wages
• 8 hour working day
• Better working conditions
• Sick pay, unemployment benefits, retirement.

Because of the socialists we still have these laws today.....

But what is communism???

SOCIALISM & COMMUNISM

So, communists ARE socialists. With the same goal, but with a different means to reach that goal:

SOCIALISM

social democrats

communists

2 types:

Democratic

Reach goals by means of social legislation

(through ELECTIONS)

Dictatorial

Get complete control over state + economy

(through REVOLUTION)

The Russian Revolution

Back to Lenin.....

Lenin's plans met with a lot of resistance:

• - private owners of land and businesses (because the state took them away)
• - people who were still loyal to the czar (aristocrats, officers)
• - religious people (because the communists were anti- religion)

This led to a CIVIL WAR (1918 - 1922)

The Russian Revolution

CIVIL WAR (1918-1922)

Who fought against who?

     REDS: (communists)

• Bolsheviks, led by Lenin, Trotski, Stalin

     WHITES:(anti- communists)

• wealthy capitalists (business owners), landowners
  
• czarists (people who wanted the tsar back on the throne)
  
• armies from foreign anti-communist countries (France, UK, USA)
  

The outcome: The Whites were defeated. The czarist family was murdered.

COMMUNISM

• Communism is an ideology.
• An ideology is a system of ideas and ideals, which forms the basis of economic or political or even religious policy.

• Other ideologies we will learn about are fascism and national-socialism.

     CAPITALIST ECONOMY                        COMMUNIST ECONOMY

1                                                           -

2                                                          -

3                                                          -

4                                                          -

5                                                          -

6                                                          -

7                                                          -

8                                                          -

Before you copy this overview, do the drag & drop task...

capitalist economy

communist economy

1 government controls the economy

1. minimal government interfere in economy

2. private ownership of businesses

2. state owned businesses

3. planned economy

3. free market economy

4. production targets set by the state

4. production determined by need or demand

5. you work for profit

5. you work for the good of the nation

6. companies compete with each other

6. no competition between companies

7. prices of products determined by the state

7. prices determined by supply and demand

8. commercials and adverts

8. no commercials and adverts needed

congratulations

congratulations