alle grammatica uitleg periode 3 (unit 4)

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 2

Past simple 

When? wanneer we het hebben over dingen die in het verleden zijn gebeurd. 

(yesterday, last week, a while ago) 

Hoe? hele werkwoord + ed 

> She climbed a mountain last week. 

Let op!

+ We visited the stadium yesterday.

- We didn't visit the stadium yesterday  maar  Who told you about that?

? Did we visit the stadium yesterday?.

Let op!

Regelmatig

1. to walk - walked
2. to play - played
3. to talk - talked
4. to love - loved
5. to cook - cooked 
6. to watch - watched  

> She watched him play games.

> We talked on the phone all night.

Onregelmatig

1. to fly - flew 
2. to get - got
3. to hear - heard
4. to hide - hid 
5. to flee - fled
6. to become - became

> She hid her feelings from her mom.

> I heard a strange noise.

Wanneer gebruik je de present perfect?

1. Als iets in het verleden is begonnen en nog steeds doorgaat.

> "I have lived in Amsterdam for five years."

> "She has worked at this company since 2010."

2. Als iets in het verleden is gebeurt en de nadruk vooral ligt op het resultaat nu.

> "I have finished my homework."

(De actie is afgerond, en de nadruk ligt op het feit dat het werk nu klaar is.)

> "He has eaten all the cookies."

(De nadruk ligt op het resultaat: de koekjes zijn nu op.)

3. Als iets in het verleden is gebeurt maar het moment ervan is niet bekend of onbelangrijk.

> "I have seen that movie before."

> "They have visited Paris."

Present perfect bij regelmatige werkwoorden

+ bevestiging	- ontkenning	? vraag
I have worked	I have n't worked	Have I worked
you have baked	you have n't baked	Have you baked
he/she/it has collected	he/she/it has n't collected	Has she collected
we have watched	we have n't watched	Have we watched
they have danced	they have n't danced	Have they danced

Let op: bij  vraagzinnen gebruik je dus alleen has/have + persoon + werkwoord en geen 'do/does'. Dus niet> do you have watched 

Present perfect bij onregelmatige werkwoorden

+ bevestiging	- ontkenning	? vraag
I have seen	I have n't seen	Have I seen
you have eaten	you have n't eaten	Have you eaten
he/she/it has flown	he/she/it has n't flown	Has she flown
we have broken	we have n't broken	Have we broken
they have sewn	they have n't sewn	Have they sewn

Let op: dit is het derde rijtje van de 'irregular verbs' die je geleerd hebt.

Present perfect

I/They/We/You + have + whole verb+ed

He/she/it + has + whole verb+ed

onregelmatige ww= 3e rijtje

To see, yesterday I saw, I have seen

•  Ervaringen tot nu toe> I have never been to Italy.  / Has she ever tried sushi before?
•  In het verleden begonnen, is nu nog steeds aan de gang> He has lived here since 2010. 

Signaalwoorden: ever, never, yet, before, already, since, for, jus

Past simple

I/they/we/you/she/he/it verb+ed

Onregelmatige ww= 2e rijtje 

To see, yesterday I saw, I have seen

•  Iets wat in het verleden is gebeurd + afgerond > He cooked dinner last night.

Signaalwoorden: yesterday, a while ago, last year, in .. (2005), last weekend, this morning etc.

Past continuous

I /he/she/it+ was + whole verb +ing 

They/We/You + were + whole verb +ing

•  Iets was aan de gang op het moment waarover gesproken wordt. > We were reading a book last night.
• Als een handeling bezig was (past cont.) en deze onderbroken wordt (past sim.) > She was walking her dog when she saw het friend.

Past continuous

Gebeurtenis 2:  gebeurt tussendoor

Gebeurtenis 1: duurt het langst

Hetgeen wat het langst duur = past continuous

Hetgeen wat tussendoor gebeurt = past simple

1.While they were watching TV, the power went out.

2.I was driving home when I saw the accident.

3.The phone rang while I was cooking.

4.When her friend called, she was studying.

Hierna mogen ze werken aan de opdracht ''grammar past tenses mixed exercise'' dit doe ik met dit groepje gezamenlijk de rest doet dit individueel. ik geef bijvoorbeeld elk leerling de beurt en de rest schrijft mee.

Uiteindelijk laat ik ze exercise 3 individueel doen en dan mogen ze het nakijken 

We gebruiken any bij...

1. Alle ontkennende zinnen

> I don’t have any homework today.  

> They didn’t buy any souvenirs on their trip.  

2. Alle andere soort vragen

> Do you have any  brothers or sisters?

> Is there any milk left in the fridge?

3. Bevestigende zinnen met woorden als never, hardly, without.

> We arrived without any delay.

> There were hardly any people.

We gebruik some bij...

1. Bevestigende zinnen

> We have some good ideas. 

> There are some apples on the table.

2. Vragen waarbij je verwacht dat het antwoord 'ja' is

> Can I have some water, please? 

> Could you lend me some money?

3. Vragen waarbij je iemand iets aanbiedt

> Would you like some sugar? 

> Do you need some help?

some & any 

Beide kan je combineren met bv. -thing, -body, -one en -where. Hiervoor gelden dezelfde regels.

+ bevestigend	You need to drink something .	I need somebody to help me.	I need someone's guidance.	I left my keys somewhere in the living room.
- ontkennend	I don't want anything .	I don't need anybody's help.	She doesn't need anyone's guidance.	I can't find my keys anywhere .
? vraag met positief antwoord / om iets aan te bieden	Would you like something to drink?	Can somebody help me with this?	Can someone help me with this?	Shall we go somewhere nice this weekend?
? alle andere vragen	Did you buy anything at the store?	Does anybody know the answer?	Do you know anyone who owns this car?	Do you see her anywhere ?

Possessive pronouns 

wanneer je wilt aangeven van wie iets is, gebruik je een possessive pronoun (bezittelijk voornaamwoord)

1) Bezittelijk voornaamwoord met zelfstandig naamwoord.

•  my, your, his, her, our, their (mijn, jouw/jullie, zijn, haar, onze, hun)

''Her painting is beautiful!''

2) Bezittelijk voornaamwoord zonder zelfstandig naamwoord erachter. 

•  mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs (de mijne, de jouwe, van hem, van haar, van ons, van hen)

''This painting is hers''

•  of mine, of yours, of his, of hers, of ours, of theirs (van mij, van jou/jullie, van hem, van haar, van ons, van hun)

''I saw a beautiful painting of hers in the gallery last week.''