Week 4

• Engels
• HBO
• Studiejaar 2

Today

Review of last week

Experiencing history: 2 groups

Break

Changes in 1863

Overview of the ending battles

Hate symbols and statue removals

Discussion of views of Lee

30 min group time/study questions

Goals

To get a sense of the ending of the war as the end changes USA greatly

To see the basis of the “woke” view of the CSA, especially Robert E. Lee, nicknamed ”Marble Model” by his fellow classmates at West Point

Union/Federal Generals

Confederate Generals

Joseph E. Johnston

Robert E. Lee

Stonewall Jackson

Ulysses S. Grant

Robert McCLellan

Beauregard

General William Sherman

Ambrose Burnside

Experiencing History

Black soldiers: Bart & Paul

Medicine & Hospitals in the war: Julot, Eline, Livia, Anna, Anouk

Review + new info

• Role of photography
  
• State of the Armies on both sides
  
• Many Union states like Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri, Illinois and Iowa also formed pro-slavery units who fought in Confederates.
  
• Some Cherokee fought for CSA, nation where they lived. (link to Indian Removal Act)
  
• Both CSA and USA had drafts
  
• Anti-war demonstrations in USA by 'copperheads' and..

They protested for immediate peace.

Info on Cherokees joining the CSA https://www.battlefields.org/learn/articles/cherokees-pea-ridge

War resistance

Battle of Chancellorsville

Spotsylvania County, Virginia

Confederate victory (general E. Lee) vs Union (Joseph Hooker, appointed after Burnside got fired)

Stonewall Jackson was mortally wounded, a big loss for CSA

Significant because: Lee was up against a force twice his size - he split his own army into two - armies met in Fredericksburg, defensive position from the Union=Lee split his army again and half of Hooker's forces were destroyed.

Jackson died through friendly fire. Next face off Lee&Hooker: Gettysburg

Stonewall Jackson's importance: he was good at deception, he was decisive, and he had an astounding ability to understand the terrain and maneuver his army to the right place at the right time.

7:44-10:42

Battle of Gettysburg

• Largest battle in North America's history.
  
• Fredericksburg repeated, the other way around.
  
• Turning point of the war (Lee's plan to invade the North failed) + the war would now be fought on Southern ground.
  
• This battle could never be forgotten -> Lincoln visited the site to attend the dedication of a new cemetery to hold the Union dead from the battle. 
  
• Short speech, which resonates to the present day.

Roads converged in Gettysburg, no other military significance. But roads were important remember?

Fun fact: Union hero Lieutenant Alonzo Cushing's relatives were awarded belated honour by President Barack Obama.

Sieges (to review at home)

Vicksburg, Mississippi 1863 - Aim: control of the Mississippi River

• Grant’s victory. The defence falls 3 days after Gettysburg

Petersburg, June 1864-March 1865 - Significance: foreshadowed the trench wars in ww1.

• Grant’s siege
  
• The Crater, shooting “fish” in a barrel, WWI tactic
  
• Huge numbers of casualties (more than 40 % of Lee’s army); 50,000 Union soldiers
• Union victory
  
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Roads converged in Gettysburg, no other military significance. But roads were important remember?

Fun fact: Union hero Lieutenant Alonzo Cushing's relatives were awarded belated honour by President Barack Obama.

Victory

• Appomattox, VA April 1865
  
• McClean house; Appomattox Court House —hosted start (Bull Run) and end of war
  
• Gracious terms of surrender by Grant
  
• Lee “go home and be good citizens”
  
• End of the war
  

lessonup.com

https://www.pbs.org/newshour/classroom/app/uploads/2013/11/Transcript-of-the-Gettysburg-Address.pdf

Why do you think Lincoln referred to the Declaration of Independence and not the Constitution?

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Lincoln was invoking Jefferson's phrase that "all men are created equal' as being central to the AM government. Lincoln saw the constitution as an imperfect ever-changing document that had established the legality of the enslavements of African Americans.

The Marble Man

It suggests a statue - a military hero astride his mount, and it conveys a little of the awe that the young Lee’s physical beauty and moral character seemed to inspire in everyone. But it also suggests a cold, distant, inhuman figure of stone. 

This is the contradiction that Thomas Connelly took up in his remarkable book The Marble Man: Robert E. Lee and His Image in American Society (1977). He concluded that the second interpretation is the right one, that Lee’s legendary Victorian virtue, celebrated in a thousand marble statues across the South, was really no more than a terrible hardening of the heart, a chilly mechanical repression of all that was strong and vibrant in his personality.

Who will you agree with after learning more about Lee's Legacy?

Lee’s famous nickname at West Point, given by a classmate who saw him riding by, was "the Marble Man"— a distinctly curious image to apply to an 18- or 19-year-old boy.

Astonishingly, Lee went through all four years at the U.S. Military Academy without receiving a single demerit.

Activity: reading on Lee

-Group 1 on Race and Slavery

Was Lee's view of slavery and race nuanced or changing like Lincoln’s?

How can we interpret his silence to condemn the KKK which included Black and white people?

-Group 2 on Legacy

Has Lee been given too much praise and too large a place in American culture?

What is more fitting a place?

Important for the test! Share your answers and note down what groups/people with a different project say.

Topics to study and explain after week 1

• The pre-civil war era (North vs South)

• Slavery (hardships, rebellion, the South's dependency on it)
• 2 compromises, kansas-nebraska act, Bleeding Kansas
  
• Causes of the civil war (check uit the quizlet and study the main causes https://quizlet.com/nl/609679074/civil-war-causes-debate-flash-cards/)

Topics to study and explain after week 2

• Explain what 'King Cotton' is and how it helped the Confederacy.
  
• Give examples of what made the Union the likely winner of the war + explain why it took them a long time to win (give examples, could be battles, strategy, ingeniousness, commanders etc.)
• McLellan, Grant, Lee, Burnside why were/weren't they good commanders (use chapter 2 "Civil War" for this)
• Why were the battles of Antietam and Fredricksburg important victories?
  
• (https://www.history.com/news/7-ways-the-battle-of-antietam-changed-america)
  

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Topics to study and explain after week 3

• Experiencing history topics: Black soldiers and Medicine
• Importance of battles and generals at Chancellorsville and Gettysburg
  
• The importance of Lincolns Gettysburg address, why were there varied opinions of his speech?
• Views of Lee, who was this commander? (activity slide 17)
  
• Hate symbols and statue removals (activity war on wokeness)
  
  

The war on 'Wokeness'

Google: America's "woke" view of the CSA.

Read this in your own time if you're interested: https://www.city-journal.org/confederate-monuments-richmond-virginia

= to be used as a way that shows how the Civil War and its remnants/monuments impact modern-day society.