Minor Civil war week 5

• Engels
• HBO
• Studiejaar 2

Week 5

Recap last week

The end of the war

Reparations

Study Questions

If time: The Hidden Link Between Slavery and Wall Street (can move it to next week/week 7)

Battle of Chancellorsville

Spotsylvania County, Virginia

Confederate victory (general E. Lee) vs Union (Joseph Hooker, appointed after Burnside got fired)

Stonewall Jackson was mortally wounded, a big loss for CSA

Significant because: Lee was up against a force twice his size - he split his own army into two - armies met in Fredericksburg, defensive position from the Union=Lee split his army again and half of Hooker's forces were destroyed.

Jackson died through friendly fire. Next face off Lee&Hooker: Gettysburg

Stonewall Jackson's importance: he was good at deception, he was decisive, and he had an astounding ability to understand the terrain and maneuver his army to the right place at the right time.

Battle of Gettysburg

• Largest battle in North America's history.
  
• Fredericksburg repeated, the other way around.
  
• Turning point of the war (Lee's plan to invade the North failed) + the war would now be fought on Southern ground.
  
• This battle could never be forgotten -> Lincoln visited the site to attend the dedication of a new cemetery to hold the Union dead from the battle. 
  
• Short speech, which resonates to the present day.

Roads converged in Gettysburg, no other military significance. But roads were important remember?

Fun fact: Union hero Lieutenant Alonzo Cushing's relatives were awarded belated honour by President Barack Obama.

Sherman's march to the sea

https://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/shermans-march

Victory

• Appomattox, VA April 1865
  
• McClean house; Appomattox Court House —hosted start (Bull Run) and end of war
  
• Gracious terms of surrender by Grant
  
• Lee “go home and be good citizens”
  
• End of the war
• Use the video on the next slide to find out what Grant's generous terms of surrender were.
  

lessonup.com

15m to read and take a break if you finish early. What are the main points you take away from his speech?

https://www.pbs.org/newshour/classroom/app/uploads/2013/11/Transcript-of-the-Gettysburg-Address.pdf

Why do you think Lincoln referred to the Declaration of Independence and not the Constitution?

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Lincoln was invoking Jefferson's phrase that "all men are created equal' as being central to the AM government. Lincoln saw the constitution as an imperfect ever-changing document that had established the legality of the enslavements of African Americans.

End of the war

Emancipation

• Government’s narrow goal: union
  
• Slaves’ nobler goal: universal emancipation
  
• March 1862: “So far ahead of Lincoln had Congress traveled on the road to emancipation that, at the moment of its issuance, the final Emancipation Proclamation freed not a single slave who was not entitled to freedom by act of Congress” (Ward 153).
  
• Lincoln signed the emancipation proclamation after the battle of....? in January 1863
  

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quote explanation: some steps had already been taken:

1) fugitive slaves couldn't be returned by military

2) Congress abolished slavery in District of Colombia, and in all the territories.

3) Act passed: All slaves whose owners supported the rebellion were free.

4) Congress authorised the enlistment of "persons of African descent" into military service.

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Antietam, the North's 'victory' (go back to week 3 to see why victory is written between ' ')

The Thirteenth Amendment

Passed by Congress January 31, 1865. Ratified December 6.

Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. 

Section 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. 

The Fourteenth Amendment

The 15th Amendment - voters' rights

On the amendment: https://constitutioncenter.org/blog/on-this-day-the-15th-amendment-is-ratified

The south denying voting rights:

Through the use of poll taxes, literacy tests and other means, Southern states were able to effectively disenfranchise African Americans. It would take the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965 before the majority of African Americans in the South were registered to vote.

Legacy

• On Lincoln's birthday in 1963, President and Mrs. Kennedy received more than a thousand black and white citizens at the White House and presented to each of them a copy of the report of the Civil Rights Commission, called Freedom to the Free. Speaking at Gettysburg later that year, Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson said, "Until justice is blind, until education is unaware of race, until opportunity is unconcerned with the color of men's skins, emancipation will be a proclamation but not a fact." President Kennedy took note of the absence of equality when he said, "Surely, in 1963, 100 years after emancipation, it should not be necessary for any American citizen to demonstrate in the streets for an opportunity to stop at a hotel, or eat at a lunch counter . . . on the same terms as any other customer.“

From “The Emancipation Proclamation: An Act of Justice” by John Hope Franklin

Study question: Do you think this has happened in the US yet?

Civil War Amendments

1) What type of reparations for slavery are meaningful: cash or changes in the structure of society?
2) Structural changes to society have never been proposed for group harm in the US, or have they?

Topics to study and explain after week 1

• The pre-civil war era (North vs South)

• Slavery (hardships, rebellion, the South's dependency on it)
• 2 compromises, kansas-nebraska act, Bleeding Kansas
  
• Causes of the civil war (check uit the quizlet and study the main causes https://quizlet.com/nl/609679074/civil-war-causes-debate-flash-cards/)

Topics to study and explain after week 2

• Explain what 'King Cotton' is and how it helped the Confederacy.
  
• Give examples of what made the Union the likely winner of the war + explain why it took them a long time to win (give examples, could be battles, strategy, ingeniousness, commanders etc.)
• McLellan, Grant, Lee, Burnside why were/weren't they good commanders (use chapter 2 "Civil War" for this)
• Why were the battles of Antietam and Fredricksburg important victories?
  
• (https://www.history.com/news/7-ways-the-battle-of-antietam-changed-america)
  

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Topics to study and explain after week 3

• Experiencing history topics: Black soldiers and Medicine
• Importance of battles and generals at Chancellorsville and Gettysburg
  
• The importance of Lincolns Gettysburg address, why were there varied opinions of his speech?
• Views of Lee, who was this commander? (activity slide 17)
  
• Hate symbols and statue removals (activity war on wokeness)
  
  

Topics to study and explain after week 4

• Experiencing history topics: 
• Importance of battles and generals at Chancellorsville and Gettysburg
  
• The importance of Lincolns Gettysburg address, why were there varied opinions of his speech?
• Who assassinated Lincoln and why?
• Emancipation: Explain the 13th, 14th, 15th Amendment and understand that this didn't achieve immediate equality.
• Legacy: What amendments can be made today?

Study questions

• According to Shelby Foote, no one did. Do you agree?
  

Question 1: Why did no one win?

Question 2: Why did the North win?

Question 3: Why did the South win?

Question 4: Why did the African Americans win?

Choose: do this at home, or in the final 15min of class.

Study questions

• 1.What are the reasons for granting reparations?
• 2.What are the reasons for not granting them?
• 3.Will the good gained by reparations outweigh any bitterness created by them?

https://www.history.com/news/reparations-slavery-native-americans-japanese-internment

Cartoon on reparations. Can you explain it in the context of what you learnt about today?

Have you already watched the videos?

Watch videos on Ulysses S. Grant and Lee (on canvas). Take notes! You need to know what the generals were most famous for.

Depending on time

Read 'The Hidden Links between Slavery and Wall Street'

Homework

Catch up on reading

Review (videos+text) on Canvas site

Review LessonUps