Afghanistan Cold War

• Geschiedenis
• WO
• Studiejaar 6

Afghanistan

Afghanistan

- Rich in oil and opium

-Borders Sovjet-Union

          1947-1991

Afghanistan (1950-1980)

• 1953: Muhammad Daoed Khan becomes minister president

• 1960: Modernisation Afghanistan SU & US both interested.

• 1965: Afghanistan becomes a constitutional monarchie.

• 1973 Vietnam war ends 

• 1978: Communist (Saur Revolution) take power about a succesful coup.

• Iranian Revolution 1979

• 1979: Tensions between prime minister and deputy prime minister.

• • Amin: Neutral foreign policy , Taraki: Focus on SU
• 1979 Russian Invasian Afghanistan 

Different parties 

1. Afghanistan

• President Daoed Kahn 
• Communists 
• Moejahedin  (Islamic fighters)

2. United States 

3. Sovjet-Union

4. Iran 

Muhammad Daoed Khan

• 1953:  Prime minsister
• Western education
• Muslim 
• Spoke to American congress
• In favor of reform and modernisation
• 1973 plans coup - becomes President
• Red-Prince

Historical Context 

Helmand Valley project 

• AID - Investment project 
• US involvement 
• Support Khan
• New energy sourcers
• New roads
• Repaired bridges 
•  Modernisation in agriculture

Historical Context 

Modernisation '60

• Golden years of Afghanistan
• Modern architecture
• New roads
• Academic possibilities for woman
• Burka was not mandetory 
• Western clothing
• Tourism

Why did the US start the project in the Helmand Valley?

Causes 

Communist Revolution

• 1965: Communist party formed 
• 1978 Saur Revolution Left-wing military officers take power
• No support for the communist party from the people

• 1978:Muhammed Daoed Khan killed
• 1978:Decleration of Friendship between SU and Afghanistan 
• Econimal aid, trade benefits and political ties with the Sovjet-Union 

Why did both the SU and the US tried to help with the modernisation of Afghanistan?

Causes

Moejahedin

• Those who engage in Jihad 
• Tribal/Urban groups
• Supported by the US with weapons 
• Conflict  communism and Islam

Reason invasion SU

•  Russia uses division 
• Breshnev wants power - expansion Sovjet influene sphere
• Afraid of Iranian influence and expansion of Islam 

Name 2 reasons why the SU decided to invade Afghanistan?

1979-1989 Afghan war

• Invasion on Christsmas day 1979

- 1979-1989: occupation Sovjet-Union - mostly cities

- Country side controlled by Mujahedin 

- Guerilla war vs Bombing villages 

- No Air suppriority

- Muslim volunteers 

- Cultural consequences 

Sovjet Propaganda

End Afghan War 

-   US -> Sovjet imperialism

- SU -> self defence 

'The greatest achievement of the CIA during the Cold War'

- SU loses 

- Gorbatsjov pulls back

- First sign of SU collapse 

Consequences 

End of Afghan war

- Taliban

- Start Afghan civil war - War lords

- Islamic Extremism and Pashtun nationalism 

Turns into a Islamic state 

- Taliban win the conflict - Sharia Law

- September 1966: Osama Bin Laden housed by Taliban

- Great culture change - exmpl. womans rights 

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