Havo 5 - week 38

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 5

Grammar

• Irregular verbs review & Grammar review website www.ego4u.com
• Signaalwoorden/context
• Present Simple vs Present Continuous
• Past Simple vs Present Perfect
• Past Perfect
• Indirect Speech
• Past Continuous
• Future tenses (Future Simple/Future Continuous/Future Perfect)
• Debate 

www.ego4u.com

www.ego4u.com

Signaalwoorden/context

In elke zin die je vertaalt staan er signaalwoorden die aangeven welke tijd je gaat gebruiken:

• right now/look!/listen!/currently/always -> present continuous
• feit/gewoonte/soms/nooit/if-zin 1st conditional -> present simple
• last/ago/when/then/in 2001 etc. -> past simple
• since/for/how long/so far/yet/up till now etc. -> present perfect
• while/when -> past continuous
• by this time tomorrow/next year etc. -> future continuous (could also be future perfect/look at context)
• in two years time/next year etc. -> future perfect
• before/after -> (often)  past perfect
• (s)he/they said that ...-> indirect speech (tijd 1 naar achter )

Present Simple

Vorm:

Hele ww -> I/you/we/they (they talk)

Hele ww + s -> he/she/it (she talks)

Gebruik:

• Feiten (Boris Johnson lives in London.)
• Gewoonte - Regelmaat/nooit/soms (She hardly ever sees him.)
• Roosters/schema's (=toekomst) (Our school starts at 9 am tomorrow morning)
• Bij "as soon as", "the minute you" (tijdsuitdrukkingen) - (As soon as you leave, give me a ring.)

Vragen/ontkenningen (zinnen met not/never):

Does/do + hele ww/1e vorm ....?

They don't / he doesn't + hele ww/1e vorm

Present Continuous

Vorm:

To be + ww + ing (am/is/are + ww + ing)

Gebruik:

• Gebeurt op dit moment (It's raining. People are going inside.)
• Tijdelijke situatie  (She is a nurse, but she is currently working as a physiotherapist.)
• Situatie in ontwikkeling (becoming/getting/changing/turning into etc. - The American people are getting more and more obese.)
• Irritatie (always - Why is Mom always nagging about my room?)
• Activiteit (afspraak/agenda) welke vastligt in de toekomst.(I'm flying to New York tomorrow.)

Vragen/ontkenningen (zinnen met not/never):

Am/is/are + ww +ing ? ; am not/isn't/aren't

Past Simple

Vorm:

Regelmatige ww: ww + ed

Onregelmatige ww: 2e vorm

Gebruik:

• Actie die is afgelopen (tijd = genoemd)
• Een opeenvolging van acties in de verleden tijd
• Een gewoonte in de verleden tijd (I used to sleep a lot)

Signaalwoorden:

when, then, ago, in 2001, once upon a time, 

Vragen/ontkenningen (zinnen met not/never):

Did + hele ww/1e vorm ....?

Didn't + hele ww.

Past Continuous

Vorm:

was/were + ww + ing 

Gebruik:

• Iets was al aan de gang in het verleden toen een andere gebeurtenis (kort - Past Simple) ertussen kwam (I was listening to her story, when he knocked on the window.)
• Twee langere acties vinden tegelijkertijd plaats in het verleden (I was doing my homework, while you were watching a movie)
• Beschrijving van een scene in de verleden tijd (So it was a beautiful day: the sun was shining and we were all enjoying this lovely picknick.)

Vragen/ontkenningen (zinnen met not/never):

Was/were + verb + ing? 

Wasn't/weren't + verb + ing

Past Simple vs Present Perfect

• Past Simple -> finished in the past/when=  mentioned
  
• Present Perfect -> 1) started in the past AND still going on 2) Result (when = not mentioned) 3) Recent action (when = not mentioned)

Past Simple -> I flew (2e vorm) to Sweden two weeks ago. Did you meet (did + HELE ww) her there last week?

Present Perfect -> I have never been (has/have + 3e vorm) to New York. Has she ever been (has/have + 3e vorm) abroad?

Present Perfect vs Past Simple

General rule Past Simple:

• Regular verbs: verb + ED
• Irregular verbs: 2nd form (know by heart!!!!!)
• Used when ACTIONION IS FINISHED - WHEN is IMPORTANT
• Signal words: when/ago/last night/last week/yesterday etc.

General rule Present Perfect:

• has (he/she/it) + past participle (-> regular verbs: verb + ED / irregular verbs: 3rd form)
• have (I/you/we/they) + past participle (-> regular verbs + ED / irregular verbs: 3rd form)
• Used for: RESULT is import (when=  NOT IMPORTANT/NOT MENTIONED; EXPERIENCE; RECENT ACTION; ACTION THAT STARTED IN THE PAST + IS STILL GOING ON /
• Signal words: for/since/already/never/ever/always/yet/before/how long/how often etc.

Past Perfect - earlier action in the past

Backshift bij Indirect Speech

Present Simple -> Past Simple  -> Jim: " I like Donna" -> Jim said that he liked Donna

Past Simple -> Past Perfect -> Jim: "Donna moved to Spain last year." -> Jim said that Donna had moved to Spain last year.

Present Perfect -> Past Perfect -> Jim: "Donna has never been to my place." -> Jim said that Donna had never been to his place.

will -> would

can -> could

has/have -> had

shall -> should

am/is/are able to -> was/were able to

Future Simple

1) will:

a) future facts 

b) spontaneous offer (at the moment of speaking)

c) prediction (not based on fact/personal opinion)

NOTE: Shall -> bij VRAGEN met WE/I -> Shall I get that for you?

d) weather forecast

2) going to:

a) planned action (not definite)

b) prediction based on evidence (Look! He is going to fall!)

Future Simple

3) Present Simple

timetables (the store opens at 7 am tomorrow morning)

4) Present Continuous (am/is/are + verb + ing)

activity in the future scheduled to happen/(could be) in your agenda - when + where is often mentioned (I'm flying to New York tomorrow)

Future Continuous

By this time tomorrow they WILL BE + verb + ing 

• To emphasize duration
• To emphasize future plans
• To describe atmophere 
• To describe interrupted action

By this time tomorrow they will be having lunch in the park.

See other examples next slide

The Future Continuous

Voorbeelden Future Continuous

The Future Perfect

By this time next year they WILL HAVE + 3rd form 

• To emphasize that something will be finished at a certain point in the future.
• To emphasize something must have happened by now.

By this time next year they will have built the new apartment building.

They will have arrived at the airport by now.

The Future Perfect

Voorbeelden Future Perfect

If -sentences (ex. C - p. 20)

1) If I leave now, will you come with me? - first conditional (mogelijk)

2) If I had a million dollars, would you be jealous? - second conditional (niet mogelijk/niet echt; als ik had, dan zou ...)

3) If I had been there, I could have warned him. (niet gebeurd/achteraf gesproken; wat als ik was geweest/was gegaan etc.)

www.ego4u.com

Ex. B - p. 12 - Mixed tenses

1. Have never seen

2. Have lived here for

3. When did you go

4. Did he catch last night

5 Haven't been for

6. In a decade they will tear down (future fact/personal prediction)

7. (Was ringing) Rang while we were reading (= longer action)

8. Have you been (now) / past = were you

9. Have been (now) / past = was there

10. He always drinks (fact/habit)

11. We have been friends since

12. Did you sail a long time ago

13. I have just seen

14. Three years ago we bought

15. We have lived since

16. When I was singing/she began

17. Did she speak last month 18) hasn't said for 19) Up till now we haven't had 20) always cries/is crying (=irritation) /goes

Ex. C.- p. 13 - Mixed tenses

1. haven't played since

2. has been sitting since (has been + verb + ing -> stresses duration)

3. was sitting (Past continuous -> stresses duration)

4. wrote 

5. haven't sent for over

6. When I was having/heard

7. hasn't finished yet

8. has worked for three weeks now

9. I have already paid 

10. While we were working; it began

11. How long have you been...now?

12. What did you think when you first came here

13. Are you staying at a comfortable hotel (certain period of time)

14. Have you ever tasted

15. Did you like it when you first ate one

16. Every day he sits; watches

17. Yesterday I didn't work

Ex. C.- p. 13 - Mixed tenses

17. Yesterday I didn't work

18. was born in Poland in 1867

19.our friend is leaving in 10 minutes (appointment in diary; plane leaves = timetable)

20. I am today

21. saw twenty min. ago

22. usually goes

23. met a year ago

24. learned/learnt when he was

25. was (in the past)

26. brings now (fact/habit)

27. Is there going to be ( planning) /Will there be (factual) next Friday / is there a meeting (programme/timetable)

28. What are you doing (definite appointment in diary) /going to do (still planning) - this = future (last = past)

29. discovered 400 years ago

30. he goes every day

31. I have written since

32. he has been ill

33. Lend me your pen! I have found the answer (result/just finished) 

34. he has been ill for three weeks now

35. has just left; he will be back at 3:15 (future fact)

36. I came in at 2:30 so I have been here for

37. How are you, F.? We haven't seen you since

38. A bird builds in spring (fact)

39. We have spoken for over

40. Have you ever been to

41. How long have you worked here, sir?

42. Last month my friend won..., we haven't seen him since.

43. The train leaves from platform .....

44. How long have you known this man?

45 He died after he had been seriously ill for some time.

https:

Think about topics to debate

Read The Guardian.com/The NewYorkTimes.com

Watch BBC Newsround

Browse for arguments pro/con on your topic & use key words

-> Find 2 topics to debate

-> Jot down info + key words for arguments pro/con

-> Prepare 2 topics for debate 

What have you learned today?

Today's class

• Past Simple vs Present Perfect 
  
• Simple Past vs Past Perfect
• Future tense
• Short sentences: so/neither/question tags
• HW next week (ex. C p. 19/20 = finished)
• Debate 

Past Simple vs Present Perfect

• Past Simple -> finished in the past/when=  mentioned
  
• Present Perfect -> 1) started in the past AND still going on 2) Result (when = not mentioned) 3) Recent action (when = not mentioned)

Past Simple -> I flew (2e vorm) to Sweden two weeks ago. Did you meet (did + HELE ww) her there last week?

Present Perfect -> I have never been (has/have + 3e vorm) to New York. Has she ever been (has/have + 3e vorm) abroad?

Present Perfect vs Past Simple

General rule Past Simple:

• Regular verbs: verb + ED
• Irregular verbs: 2nd form (know by heart!!!!!)
• Used when ACTIONION IS FINISHED - WHEN is IMPORTANT
• Signal words: when/ago/last night/last week/yesterday etc.

General rule Present Perfect:

• has (he/she/it) + past participle (-> regular verbs: verb + ED / irregular verbs: 3rd form)
• have (I/you/we/they) + past participle (-> regular verbs + ED / irregular verbs: 3rd form)
• Used for: RESULT is import (when=  NOT IMPORTANT/NOT MENTIONED; EXPERIENCE; RECENT ACTION; ACTION THAT STARTED IN THE PAST + IS STILL GOING ON /
• Signal words: for/since/already/never/ever/always/yet/before/how long/how often etc.

EXTRA Irregular Verbs Practice

Practice the irregular verbs using the website below (link next slide):

www.ego4u.com/grammar/irregular verbs

www.ego4u.com

Past Perfect - earlier action in the past

Past Perfect - also in indirect speech

Direct speech (iemand zegt rechtstreeks iets): 

Jan: "Have you ever been to Florida?"

Indirect speech (wat een ander gezegd heeft):

Jan asked me if I had ever been to Florida.

Bij de indirect speech ga je 1 tense/werkwoordtijd naar achter (je "backshift"):

• Present Simple (hele ww/1e vorm; hele ww/1e vorm + s) -> Past Simple (2e vorm/ww+ed)
• Present Perfect (Have/has +3e vorm) -> Past Perfect (Had +3e vorm)
• Past Simple (2e vorm/ww+ed) -> Past Perfect (Had +3e vorm)
• Past Perfect (Had +3e vorm) -> Past Perfect (Had +3e vorm) * je kan niet verder naar achter gaan dan deze tijd, en deze blijft dus ongewijzigd