9.1.1

• History
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 3

1.1: World War 1: The Armed Peace

AGE 9. The Time of World Wars

Start of the Lesson Task:
Read the text "The Belle Époque".
Which phrase from the text best describes the mood of the time?

name an invention that we have today,
but wasn't invented in 1900 yet.

name an invention that existed in 1900,
but wasn't invented in 1800 yet.

Age 9: The Time of World Wars

1900 - 1950

1. WW1  and  the Interbellum
   
2. Totalitarian ideologies: communism, fascism and National-Socialism
3. WW2 and the occupation of the Netherlands
4. Racism and discimination leading to genocide in the Holocaust

Lesson 9.1.1 The Armed Peace

• The world around 1900: the Belle Epoch (the beautiful age)
• New inventions: radio, film, airplane, car
• Rivalry between European countries, leading to 2 Alliances:

                            - The Allies: Britain, France, Russia
                            - The Centrals: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey

Causes of WW1

• militarism, alliances, imperialism, nationalism (MAIN)
• The Balkans: the powder keg of Europe
• Germany’s plan of war: the Schlieffenplan.

New technology around 1900

radio 1895

car 1897

airplane 1903

film 1895

color photography 1907

Constructing the Eiffel Tower (1887)

The Belle Époque

Factory around 1900

Look at the big map.
Which state did not exist in 1914?

1. Poland
2. Netherlands
3. Great Britain
4. Russia

Humiliating the French in 1871:

German emperor Wilhelm I is crowned 

in the French palace of Versailles...

"The Scramble for Africa" was the occupation and colonization of the African continent by the major European powers between 1880 and 1914.

World War 1 (1914 - 1918)

also known as The Great war

The Two alliances:

1 The Allies (UK, France, Russia)

2 The Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey, Bulgaria)

Let's look at their concerns and ambitions

• democratic monarchy
• colonial empire where "the sun never sets"
  
• largest navy (needed to protect the empire)
  
• does not want Germany to build a larger navy

1. Great Britain

The Allies

• democratic republic
• lost Alsace-Lorraine to Germany in 1871 
  
• wants revenge
• fears growing military power of Germany

2. France

The Allies

• absolute monarchy (emperor Nicholas II)
• large, but backward country (90% peasants)
  
• no modern industry

3. Russia

The Allies

• absolute monarchy (emperor Wilhelm II)
• only one state since the unification of 1871
• wants "it's place under the sun" (= colonies)
  
• modern industry
• largest army
• wants to build larger fleet than Britain

1. Germany

The central Powers

• absolute monarchy (emperor Franz Joseph)
• internal problems (multi-ethnic state)
• no modern industry, no colonies
  
• has annexed (= conquered) Bosnia

2. Austria-Hungary

The central Powers

• an empire in decline 
• had lost much territory on the Balkans

3. Ottoman Empire

The central Powers

• Only joined the Central Powers during WW1 (1915)
• had a score to settle with Serbia

4. Bulgaria

The central Powers

Causes and the Direct Cause of WW1

Causes: = oorzaken

more than one, can even be further back in time

Direct Cause = aanleiding

only one, the trigger

Causes and the Direct Cause of WW1

M = Militarism (+ arms race)

A = Alliances

I = Imperialism

N = Nationalism

MAIN

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Politicians at the time called this system of alliances the "Balance of Power"

They believed that the size and power of the two alliances would prevent either side from starting a war

Nation, state, nationalism, ethnic group

• a nation (volk) is a group of people that feel connected because they share the same language, religion, history, culture.
  
• examples: The Dutch, The Spanish, Turks, Poles, Chinese etc.
  

• a state is the territory (with boundaries, infrastructure and a government) in which a nation lives.
  
• examples: The Netherlands, Spain, Turkey, Poland etc.

Nation, state, nationalism, ethnic group

• Nationalism: a strong love for one's own nation. The feeling that one's own nation is the best. 

• nationality: the status of belonging to a particular nation by birth or naturalization.

• Ethnic group : a group of the population that, in a larger society, is set apart and bound together because they share race, language, nationality, or culture.
  

Austria-Hungary: multi ethnic state

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