"The Scramble for Africa" was the occupation and colonization of the African continent by the major European powers between 1880 and 1914.
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World War 1 (1914 - 1918)
also known as The Great war
The Two alliances:
1 The Allies (UK, France, Russia)
2 The Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Turkey, Bulgaria)
Let's look at their concerns and ambitions
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democratic monarchy
colonial empire where "the sun never sets"
largest navy (needed to protect the empire)
does not want Germany to build a larger navy
1. Great Britain
The Allies
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democratic republic
lost Alsace-Lorraine to Germany in 1871
wants revenge
fears growing military power of Germany
2. France
The Allies
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absolute monarchy (emperor Nicholas II)
large, but backward country (90% peasants)
no modern industry
3. Russia
The Allies
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absolute monarchy (emperor Wilhelm II)
only one state since the unification of 1871
wants "it's place under the sun" (= colonies)
modern industry
largest army
wants to build larger fleet than Britain
1. Germany
The central Powers
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absolute monarchy (emperor Franz Joseph)
internal problems (multi-ethnic state)
no modern industry, no colonies
has annexed (= conquered) Bosnia
2. Austria-Hungary
The central Powers
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an empire in decline
had lost much territory on the Balkans
3. Ottoman Empire
The central Powers
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Only joined the Central Powers during WW1 (1915)
had a score to settle with Serbia
4. Bulgaria
The central Powers
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Causes and the Direct Cause of WW1
Causes: = oorzaken
more than one, can even be further back in time
Direct Cause = aanleiding
only one, the trigger
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Causes and the Direct Cause of WW1
M = Militarism (+ arms race)
A = Alliances
I = Imperialism
N = Nationalism
MAIN
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Politicians at the time called this system of alliances the "Balance of Power"
They believed that the size and power of the two alliances would prevent either side from starting a war
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Nation, state, nationalism, ethnic group
a nation (volk) is a group of people that feel connected because they share the same language, religion, history, culture.
examples: The Dutch, The Spanish, Turks, Poles, Chinese etc.
a state is the territory (with boundaries, infrastructure and a government) in which a nation lives.
examples: The Netherlands, Spain, Turkey, Poland etc.
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Nation, state, nationalism, ethnic group
Nationalism: a strong love for one's own nation. The feeling that one's own nation is the best.
nationality: the status of belonging to a particular nation by birth or naturalization.
Ethnic group : a group of the population that, in a larger society, is set apart and bound together because they share race, language, nationality, or culture.