H4C: WEEK 11: 2nd class

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 4

FOCUS4 do: Unit 4 pp. 56/57: 4.4: Reading + 58 & 158: 4.5: Grammar: Present and past modal constructions

+ do: English Lab: Unit 4, 4.2 Grammar & 4.3 Listening

study: FOCUS4 p. 64 Word lists: 4.2 (Grammar) & 4.3 (Listening)

revise: FUP U 31/33 & 45/ 46 + 49/53  &  read: verplicht book (minstens 150 pp.)

SECOND CLASS:

FOCUS4 do: Unit 4 pp. 58 + 158: 4.5: Grammar: Present and past modal constructions:

modal verb = hulpwerkwoord

                                            Present and past modal structures

The present

To give advice, express necessity or lack of necessity, we use:

        modal verbs should/shouldn't and ought to/oughtn't to:

You should/ought to eat more fruit and vegetables.

You shouldn't/oughtn't to spend so much money on clothes.

       modal verb must/mustn't:

You must try that spa – it's really wonderful!

You mustn't spoil her.

        verb need to/needn't:

You need to have the receipt if you want to return the dress.

I can hear you, you needn't shout.

        the structure had better/had better not:

You'd better check the price online before you buy a phone here.

You'd better not be late this time.

The past                                 Present and past modal structures

        To say that something was or wasn't necessary, we use had to/didn't have to:

Ella's car broke down, so she had to take a taxi.

There was nobody at the desk, but luckily I didn't have to wait long.

       To express regret or criticism about something that happened or didn't happen, or to give advice, we use ought (not) to/should (not) + have + Past Participle: We should have booked/ought to have booked a different hotel. This one is terrible.

My parents shouldn't have sold/oughtn't to have sold their camper van.

       To say that an action was not necessary, we can also use didn't need to + infinitive or needn't have + Past Participle. There is a difference in meaning:

I didn't need to cook dinner for the children yesterday because they were away. (So I didn't cook it.) - I needn't have cooked dinner for the children yesterday because they weren't hungry and didn't touch anything. (I cooked it but didn't have to.)         The modal verb must and the structure had better are not used in the past.

Listen to James talking to his sister Ellie. What is James's problem?

What is James's problem?

Choose the advice that Ellie gives:

1   You  shouldn't / should  buy her clothes.

2   With a bracelet you  need to / needn't  worry about giving the

      wrong message.

3  You  ought to /  ought not to  get her concert tickets in advance.

4  You  mustn't /  must  buy her the same perfume as Mum.

5  You  had better / had better not  ask her friends for advice.

What reasons does Ellie give:

1   You  should[n't] buy her clothes.  ............................................

2   With a bracelet you  need [not] to worry about giving the

      wrong message.  ............................................

3  You  ought [not] to  get her concert tickets in advance.  .............

4  You  must[n't]  buy her the same perfume as Mum.  ...................

5  You  had better [not]  ask her friends for advice.  ..........................

Write the sentences with the negative form of the words in brackets:

1   You  (should) leave present buying till the last minute.  

2  You (ought to) buy a present unless you are sure about it.

3  You (must) give your credit card details to a stranger.

4  You (need to) check if you can take the item back.

5  You (had better) remember your dad's birthday this year!

Write down whether you agree with the advice and why?

1   You should leave present buying till the last minute.  .................

2  You ought only buy a present when you are sure about it. ........

3   You must never give your credit card details to a stranger.  .....

4  You need to check if you can take the item back.  ....................

5  You had better remember your dad's birthday this year!  ......

Listen to a second conversation between James and Ellie. Did James choose a good birthday present for his girlfriend?

Did James choose a good birthday present for his girlfriend?

Read the conversation between James (J) and Ellie (E):

E:  How was the birthday?

J:  Oh, a bit of a disaster actually. I should have listened to your advice, but I didn't. I got a bracelet. I thought it was such a bargain – €15 for a gold bracelet. I ought to have asked if it was real gold.

E:  You should have realised you couldn't get real gold for €15. But anyway, didn't she like it?

J:  She's allergic to metal – she can only wear real gold. She put it on and got a big rash on her arm. We had to go to the doctor's.

E:  Oh dear, did you have to take the bracelet back?

J:  Yes, but I needn't have bothered. They refused to exchange it because I didn't have the receipt. Here you are – you can have it.

E:  Ooh, thanks!

Complete the GRAMMAR FOCUS with the past modal structures in blue from the previous (vorige) conversation:

You can use should/shouldn't have + Past Participle (voltooid deelwoord) or ought to/ought not to have + Past Participle to criticise a past action or show regret.

I 1should have listened to your advice.

I 2  ................  if it was real gold.

You use had to/didn't have to + infinitive (hele werkwoord) to say a past action was necessary / unnecessary.

We 3  ................  to the doctor's.

You can also use didn't need to + infinitive or needn't have + Past Participle to say a past action was unnecessary. There is a difference in meaning:

I didn't need to bother = I didn't bother, because it wasn't necessary: 

I 4  .........................................   = I bothered, but it wasn't necessary.

 I  2 ................ if it was real gold.

We 3 ................ to the doctor's.

I 4 ......................................... = I bothered, but it wasn't necessary.

Choose the phrase (a or b) that has a similar meaning to the underlined words in each sentence:

1 I needn't have revised last night, my exam was cancelled.  A I revised - B I didn't revise

2 I didn't need to buy a phone – I've got one.  A I bought one. - B I didn't buy a phone.

3 I'm tired. I should have gone to bed earlier last night. A I went early - B I didn't.

4 I ought not to have spent so much money yesterday. A I spent a lot - B I didn't.

5 It's a lovely day. I needn't have brought my coat. A I brought my coat - B I didn't.

                        USE OF ENGLISH

Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first. Use up to four words including the word in CAPITALS. Do not change the word given:  

1  It's a pity we didn't stay at home.  SHOULD

  We .......... at home.

2  It's a shame he didn't tell her.  TO

  He .......... her.

3  It was unnecessary to do what he said.  HAVE

  You .......... do what he said.

4  That was a silly thing for me to say.  SHOULD  -  4 I .......... that.

5 It wasn't necessary for her to come.  BOTHERED

  She .......... coming.

 

Listen to 3 conversations. Which sentence completes each conversation best?

conversation A

conversation B

conversation C

1

We should have stayed at home.

2

He ought to have told her.

3 

You didn't have to do what he said.

4 

 I shouldn't have said that.

 5

She needn't have bothered coming.

Match the sentence halves.

1  We really ought              a not wait too long before you book your flight.

2  You'd better                    b  have made a cake as I'd bought one earlier.

3  We should have            c  to reduce our spending and try to save.

4  You mustn't                   d taken the train instead of driving; just look at the traffic!

5  She needn't                    e  speed when you drive; it's quite dangerous.

We really ought

You'd better  

We should have 

You mustn't

You needn't

not wait too long before you book your flight.

have made a cake as I'd bought one earlier.

to reduce our spending and try to save.

 taken the train instead of driving; just look at the traffic!

speed when you drive; it's quite dangerous.

Choose the correct option, A, B or C to complete the sentences:

1  We got a travel card when we arrived in the city so that we _____ tickets every time we went on the metro.

1. wouldn't have bought
2. shouldn't have bought
3. needn't have bought
4. didn't have to buy

Of course, we _____ in the city centre. The car parks are ridiculously expensive.

1. didn't have to park
2. needn't have parked
3. shouldn't have parked
4. couldn't have parked

We booked a table in advance, but when we arrived, the restaurant was fairly empty, so we ..........................

1. didn't need to bother
2. mustn't have bothered
3. needn't have bothered
4. couldn't have bothered

If you're going to be queuing for a long time, _____ some water with you. It's going to be a really hot day.

1. you'd better take
2. you had to take
3. you needn't take
4. you should better take

Legally, if the customers were under sixteen, the venue ought _____ sold them tickets without permission from an adult.

1. to have not
2. not have
3. not to have
4. to not have

I bought a ticket for the bus, but I _____ it to anyone when I got on or during the journey.

1. needn't have shown
2. didn't need to show
3. shouldn't have shown
4. oughtn't to have shown

Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first. 

Use up to five words including the word in CAPITALS:

It was wrong that you told her that I was leaving. I thought I could trust you.   OUGHT

  You really ............... her that I was leaving. I thought I could trust you.

 It's not very wise to write your PIN number on your credit card.   BETTER

  You ............... your PIN number on your credit card.

My train was cancelled but fortunately another one came quite quickly.    HAVE

  My train was cancelled, but fortunately I ............... long for another.

It was a mistake to buy the tickets for the auction in advance. There were still plenty on sale on the door.   NEEDN'T

  It wasn't until they got to the auction that they realised they ...............  the tickets in advance.

Patty returned the shoes because the sole came off.   HAD

  Patty ............... the shoes because the sole came off. 

The car isn't here. I'm sure Jake took it.   MUST

  The car isn't here. Jake ............... it.