Unit 5 Gateway grammar - modal verbs


Gateway grammar
unit 5

Modal verbs




2 TTO

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This lesson contains 26 slides, with interactive quizzes and text slides.

time-iconLesson duration is: 30 min

Items in this lesson


Gateway grammar
unit 5

Modal verbs




2 TTO

Slide 1 - Slide

What grammar do you need to know?
  • Modal verbs of obligation, prohibition and advice -
    present and past

  • Modal verbs of speculation and deduction - present, past and future

Slide 2 - Slide

Slide 3 - Slide

Meaning?
  • Obligation: something that you must do. (obliged, no real choice)

  • Prohibition: the act of stopping something from being done or used. (it is not allowed, it is forbidden)

  • Advice: giving guidance or recommendations about what someone should do. (give advice, say what you would do in their situation)

Slide 4 - Slide

Modal verbs of
the
present

Slide 5 - Slide

Modal verbs of obligation - present
  • Have to - to talk about things which are obligatory or necessary, often forced on us by other people or authorities
    As a police officer, you have to wear a uniform.

  • Must - to express obligation because of rules, a law, or a requirement
    You must hand in your work before 9pm. Students must arrive prepared for class.

Slide 6 - Slide

Modal verbs of obligation - present
  • Need to - to talk about things which are obligatory or necessary. Often used when something is important one time, rather than a responsibility or duty. With needn't we do not use to before the infinitive.
    We need to get home before 11 pm tonight.
    You needn't worry about anything - everything is taken care of!

Slide 7 - Slide

Modal verbs of prohibition - present

  • Aren't allowed to - to talk about things that are prohibited or hindered by someone -  We aren't allowed to wear sneakers.

  • Can't - to refuse permission - We can't run in the hallways.

  • Mustn’t - to talk about rules, regulations and obligations, that often come from ourselves. - You mustn’t smoke so much!

Slide 8 - Slide

Modal verbs of advice - present

  • Should(n't), ought to, had ('d) better - to give advice and recommendations. - You should wear your hat - it looks cold outside!


Slide 9 - Slide

Prohibition
Advice
Obligation
have to
must
should
ought to
can't
aren't allowed
need to

Slide 10 - Drag question

What modal verb(s) shows a prohibition?
A
need to
B
can't
C
mustn't
D
don't have to

Slide 11 - Quiz


"I have to help my mother with the dishes."
What kind of modal verb is used here? (obligation, prohibition, or advice)

Slide 12 - Open question

Modal verbs of
the
past

Slide 13 - Slide

Modal verbs of obligation - past

  • Had to - to talk about things which were obligatory or necessary by other people or authorities.
    The conductor told me that I had to wear a facemask on a train.

  • Didn't have to  - to talk about things which were not obligatory or necessary.
    You didn't have to bring me a birthday present!

Slide 14 - Slide

Modal verbs of obligation - past
  • Needed to - to talk about things that were obligatory or necessary.
    My father told me that I needed to walk the dog last night, so I did.

  • Didn't need to  - to talk about things which were not obligatory or necessary. Maybe we did them, maybe we didn't.
    Okay, so I didn't really need to buy that pack of gum...

Slide 15 - Slide

Modal verbs of obligation - past
  • Needn't have + past participle - to talk about things that were not obligatory or necessary, but we did them.
    We needn't have cleaned the kitchen yesterday, so my mom was happy we did.


Slide 16 - Slide

Modal verbs of prohibition - past

  • Wasn't/weren't allowed - to talk about past prohibitions.
    When I was a kid, I wasn't allowed to stay up late.

Slide 17 - Slide

Modal verbs of advice - past

  • Should/ought to have + past participle or shouldn't have + past participle - to criticise past actions or to say that they were a mistake. 
    You should have locked your bike. Now it has been stolen!


Slide 18 - Slide

Prohibition
Obligation
Advice
needed to
had to
weren't allowed
ought to + past participle
shouldn't have + past participle
wasn't allowed

Slide 19 - Drag question

What modal verb(s) could you use in this sentence?
"You ... the plants, why didn't you?"
A
had to water
B
weren't allowed to water
C
didn't have to water
D
should have watered

Slide 20 - Quiz

Modal verbs of speculation and deduction 
present and future

  • Must - when we are 90% certain that something is true
    We must have forgotten to water the plants - they are dead now.

  • May, might, could, may not, mightn't - when there is a 50% possibility that something is true (or not). 
    She might get an 8.0 on our literature test, she knows everything!

  • Can't - when we are 90% certain that something is not true.
    That can't be my neighbours cat. He already has a red one.


Slide 21 - Slide

What modal verb do we use when we are 90% sure that something is true?
A
could
B
might
C
must
D
can't

Slide 22 - Quiz

Modal verbs of speculation and deduction 
past

  • Must have - when we are 90% certain that something was true
    I must have forgotten my phone at home. I was so busy.

  • May have, might have, could have, may not have, mightn't have + past participle - when there is a 50% possibility that something was true (or not). 
    Our grandfather might have made millions of dollars, but he never told us.

  • Can't have - when we are 90% certain that something was not true.
    She can't have known that I didn't like fish. I probably never told her!


Slide 23 - Slide

What modal verb do we use when we are 90% sure that something was not true?
A
could have
B
might have
C
must have
D
can't have

Slide 24 - Quiz

What modal verbs can you use when there is a 50% possibility that something was true?

Slide 25 - Mind map

I completely understand these modal verbs now!
😒🙁😐🙂😃

Slide 26 - Poll