Y3-THV3 Bi Summary chapter 10

• Biologie
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 3

Homeostasis, Health & Disease

Chapter 10

Key words:

• MICROBES
• PATHOGENS
• BACTERIA
• VIRUSES
• FUNGI
• PARASITES
• TRANSMISSION 
  

• VECTORS
• PREVENTION
• BARRIERS
• SIGNS 
• SYMPTOMS
• TREATMENTS
• PREVENTION

• STERILE
• PENICILLIN

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very strong layer that supports the shape of the cell

control center of the cell, which contains DNA

green balls in cells where photosynthesis takes place

bag of water and solutes that cell wants to save

thin layer on the inside of the cell wall which controls what goes in and out of the cell

cell wall

chloroplast

vacuole

nucleus

cell membrane

Disease

- because something in the body doesn't work properly.

- because a foreign substance/organism entered the body

How do pathogens affect us?

Pathogens can cause diseases in 2 ways:

• They destroy living tissue
• They make poisonous waste: toxins

Parasites

An organism that lives in or on an organism of another species (its host) and benefits by deriving nutrients at the other's expense.

Malaria

Parasite: Plasmodium

Vector: mosquito

Disease: Malaria

Vector? yes or no?

mosquito yes       tapeworm no           tick yes    

Signs vs symptoms

Sign

• An observable health issue
• (often measurable/detectable by a physician)

Symptom

A subjective experience of a health issue

Signs vs symptoms

1. Layla has a headache. 

2. She is not feeling well. 

3. Because of the pain, she is squinting her eyes...

4. and rubbing her temples with the tips of her fingers

In the small text above both signs and symptoms are listed. 

Sign 

Symptom

SIgns and symptoms

Drag the senteces to the right box: sign or symptom 

1. Layla has a headache

2. She is not feeling well

3. Because of the pain, she is squinting her eyes...

4. ... and rubbing her temples with her fingers

0

Disease causing microorganisms are called:

1. pathogen
2. antigen
3. vector
4. antibodies

What is NOT an example of a pathogen?

1. Parasite
2. Fungus
3. Bacteria
4. Plant

Bacteria cause disease by:

1. becoming part of a cell's DNA
2. decomposing dead organic matter
3. releasing toxins or breaking down cells
4. carrying viruses into healthy tissues

Cholera is a disease caused by the Vibrio cholerae bacterium that creates a toxin. The toxin upsets the intestines, blocking water absorption. This pathogen is transmitted via faecal matter.

What ways would effectively prevent transmission of V. cholerae?

1. proper sewage system
2. washing hands regularly
3. wear facemasks
4. clean drinking water

Disinfectants/Antisceptics/Antibiotics

Disinfectant

• antimicrobial substance that can kill microbes on inanimate objects

Antisceptic

• antimicrobial substance that can kill microbes on the human body (skin or other tissue)

Antibiotic

• antimicrobial substance of compound that can kill bacteria on/in the human body (external and internal environment)

Resistance against antibiotics

Look up on the internet:

• what does "resistance against antibiotics" means
• what are the consequences of resistance against antibiotics
• what measures can be taken to slow down the progress of resistance on antibiotics

What are antibiotics made from?

1. bacteria
2. fungi
3. protists
4. plants

Antibiotics only help fight of these types of infections.

1. viruses
2. bacterial
3. malarial
4. fungal