CH5 sec. 5.1 and 5.2 Congress of Vienna

• Geschiedenis
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 2

Memo havo 2 TTO

CH5 Age of citizens and steam engines

Nationalism and imperialism

sec. 5.1 Introduction

sec. 5.2 Congress of Vienna

Nationalism

Modern imperialism

Learning objectives

Main question: what changed in Europe as a result of the Congress of Vienna?

• You can explain what was decided at the Congress of Vienna.
  
• You can explain, taking the Belgian Revolution as an example, that the Congress took no account of emerging nationalism. 
  
• You  know the terms and dates of this section.
  

Napoleon

1792-1802 French Revolutionary Wars

1803-1815 Napoleonic Wars

1799 Napoleon seizes power

• Wanted to rule whole of Europe
• Spread ideas of French Revolution
• Conquered almost all of Europe
• 1812 Failed Russian campaign
• 1813 Defeated at Leipzig
• 1814 Abdicated and exiled to Elba
• 1815 Return, Battle of Waterloo and exiled to Saint Helena. 

Congress of Vienna

1814-15 Congress of Vienna

Assembly of several European countries in Vienna after the victory over Napoleon, where the future of Europe was discussed.

• Countries surrounding France were strengthened (Netherlands, Prussia)
• Restoration, return of power to ancient royal families who had ruled European countries before Napoleon.
• Monarchs  helped each other to fights revolutions.

Nationalism in the Kingdom of the Netherlands

1815 Willem I of Oranje-Nassau became king 

of the new United Kingdom of the Netherlands

Constisted of the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg.

• Willem I wanted a united country with one language (Dutch) and one religion (Protestantism). 
• Different historical backgrounds ( Republic of  Seven United Netherlands and Spanish/Austrian Netherlands)

Nationalism in the Kingdom of the Netherlands

• Belgians thought they had a separate identity and a culture of their own. 
• They also felt disadvantaged, because Willem I appointed Dutch citizens to important posts in  government and army.

Nationalism = Great love of your own country  people and culture.

Based on the idea that peoples belong to different nations. Nationalists think their people have the right to their own state.

Nationalism in the Kingdom of the Netherlands

Causes of the Belgian Revolution (1830)

• South was mainly Roman Catholic, North was mainly Protestant.
• Taalbesluit (1823) Dutch became the official language of the administration.
• Dutch received the important positions in the army and government.
• Belgians paid  most taxes.
• Trigger or direct cause: Riots following an opera performance in Brussels.

Nationalism in the Kingdom of the Netherlands

• Belgians demanded their own country and a king of their own.
  
• Willem I sent an army to suppress the revolution > failed.
  
• Belgians declared their independence.
  
• Willem I didn't accept this and sent a larger army. Tiendaagse Veldtocht (augustus 1831)
  
• French intervention, makes the Dutch retreat.
  
• Belgium becomes independent and Leopold I becomes the first Belgian king.

Nationalism in the Kingdom of the Netherlands

• Willem I expected the countries of the Congress of Vienna to help him out, but they were fully occupied putting down nationalist uprisings in their own countries.

• Congress of Vienna had failed to take into account emerging nationalism. 

• In 1839 Willem I recognised Belgium and its independence.

Get to work

What? See whiteboard.

How? Alone 

Help? Ask neighbour. Can't figure it out? Ask teacher. 

Time? Until the end of the lesson. 

Done? Learn terms and dates. Ask teacher.