This lesson contains 25 slides, with interactive quizzes, text slides and 2 videos.
Lesson duration is: 45 min
Items in this lesson
B3 Genes and alleles
Take off your jacket
Put your things on your desk
Book, notebook, pencil case
Bag on the floor
Read pages 116-118
timer
4:00
Lessongoals
You can describe what genes and alleles are.
You can describe what a mutation is
You can describe what cancer is
Slide 1 - Slide
Wheel of homework
Go to Lessonup.app and use this code
Reward
Penalty
Slide 2 - Slide
What is the difference between genotype and phenotype?
A
genotype is the information fenotype is how you look/work
B
phenotype is the information
genotype is how you look/work
C
They are nearly the same thing
Slide 3 - Quiz
What genes are found in the cells of your liver?
A
all genes used by the liver, once
B
all genes used by the liver, twice
C
all genes found in humans, once
D
all genes found in humans, twice
Slide 4 - Quiz
What genes are found in a sperm cell?
A
All genes used by the sperm, once
B
All genes used by the sperm, twice
C
All genes found in humans, once
D
All genes found in humans, twice
Slide 5 - Quiz
A human ovum contains ... pairs of chromosomes. (number)
Slide 6 - Open question
DNA, how it's built
Basepair
Combination of A-T or C-G. Other combinations are impossible in the DNA
Gene
Many (often thousands) of basepairs together contain the information of a gene. The order of the basepairs decides the code and its contents.
Base
Buildingblock of the DNA, there's 4 types:
A (adenine)
C (cytosine)
T (thymine)
G (guanine)
Slide 7 - Slide
Genes and characteristics
1 characteristic often is made up of different genes
Genes contain information to make proteins
Sometimes parts of a gene are on different chromosomes
Slide 8 - Slide
Alleles
Genes have different gene variants: alleles
Alleles (variants) of eyecolor: blue, brown, green, etc.
Some alleles are stronger than others
Slide 9 - Slide
Allele pairs
Alleles of 1 gene form pairs:
2 same alleles = homozygous
2 different alleles = heterozygous
Slide 10 - Slide
Which is an allele that has to do with hair?
A
Hair colour
B
Blond
C
Hair schape
D
Blue
Slide 11 - Quiz
Which cells contain alleles for hair colour? Pick the answer showing the most correct cells
A
Hair cells
B
Hair and head cells
C
Hair, head and brain cells
D
Hair, head, brain and eye cells
Slide 12 - Quiz
Which allels could you both find in the same sperm cell?
A
Brown hair
Blond hair
B
Blue eyes
Green eyes
C
Brown hair
Blue eyes
D
Red hair
Blond hair
Slide 13 - Quiz
What you should do:
Read pages 116-120
Do asgmt 1-8, 4choice pgs. 120-123
Challenge: 9 and 10 pgs. 123-124
Done with the above?
Work on the next chapter(s)
Learn for the test
Make other homework
Read a book
Zs = Working in Silence
No asking questions
Silent, don't disturb anyone
Stay at your desk
timer
6:00
Slide 14 - Slide
What you should do:
Read pages 116-120
Do asgmt 1-8, 4choice pgs. 120-123
Challenge: 9 and 10 pgs. 123-124
Done with the above?
Work on the next chapter(s)
Learn for the test
Make other homework
Read a book
Zw = Working with whispering
Teacher is available for questions
Only whisper with the student next to you
Stay at your desk
Slide 15 - Slide
Sexual reproduction
Sperm/ova are made during meiosis.
This creates sex cells with many different alleles.
During fertilization a new genotype is formed. This contains alleles of both mother and father
Slide 16 - Slide
A man and woman have a baby. The man is homozygous for blond hair. The woman is homozygous for brown hair. Explain, will the baby be homzygous or heterozygous for hair colour?
Slide 17 - Open question
Mutations
The genotyp of a person can not change
Mutation = part of the DNA (in a cell) changes
Usually little to no influence
Organism where mutation shows in phenotype = mutant
The moment and place of mutation are important
Slide 18 - Slide
Slide 19 - Video
How does DNA mutate?
Mutations can be caused by mutagenic influences:
Sunlight (UV-radiation)
Radioactive radiation (Röntgen)
Asbestos, smoke
Mutations also happen by mistake during cell division
Slide 20 - Slide
Cancer, how and why?
Happens due to mutations, Not bacteria/virus
Mutation makes cells divide continously
this creates a tumour:
- Benign: Divides slowly, stays at its spot
- Malignant: divides quickly, disrupts tissues
Metastasis > cancer cells are carried by blood/lymph. End up in different body parts and create more/new tumours