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• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 2

Revisions

AUXILIARY VERBS VS. MODEL VERBS

Auxiliary verbs are helper verbs, used alongside the infinitive form of the main verb of a sentence with certain tenses.

ex: I eat an apple ---> I have eaten an apple.

 

Modal verbs are a type of auxiliary verbs which add meaning to the main verb: possibility, intent, ability, necessity...

ex: I swim ---> I can swim.

AUXILIARY VERBS

BE

HAVE

DO

MODAL VERBS

can              could

may            might

will              would

shall         should

must       have to

need to                 

I have eaten. Did you eat?

I need to eat. You can't eat.

COMPARATIVE & SUPERLATIVE FORMS

Short adjectives: 

1 syllable 

ex: clean, nice, fat...

Comparative form: + "ER" 

--> cleaner, nicer, fatter

Superlative form: + "EST"

--> cleanest, nicest, fattest

Long adjectives:

 3 or more syllables 

ex: expensive, beautiful

Comparative form: + "MORE"

---> more expensive, more beautiful 

Superlative form: + "THE MOST"

---> The most expensive

---> The most beautiful

Adjectives with 2 syllables 

Usually they behave like short adjectives: 

happy ---> happier, happiest

simple ---> simpler, simplest

But certain 2-syllable adjectives behave like long ones:

patient ---> more patient, the most patient

Irregular forms

For example:

Adjective	Comparative	Superlative
good	better	best
bad	worse	worst
little	less	least

!

PASSIVE TENSE

BE + past participle form of the verb (Respect the tense!)

Tense	Active	Passive
Present simple	I make a cake	A cake is made by me
Past simple	I made a cake	A cake was made by me
Present perfect	I have made a cake	A cake has been made by me

PRESENT PERFECT

- action that started in the past and continues or has consequences in the present

- with time adverbials linked to the present: always, ever, till now...

PAST SIMPLE

- the action is finished and in the past

- with time adverbials marking a specific time in the past: yesterday, last week, ten years ago....

PREPOSITIONS 

OF TIME

AT

We usually use 'at' with clock times and mealtimes, with Christmas and other holidays that last several days. We also use 'at' with some specific phrases such as 'at' the weekend and 'at' night. (You can also say 'on' the weekends, USA)

Ex: at 6 o'clock, at 9.30, at dinner time, at break time, at Eastern, at night

IN

We usually use 'in' with parts of the day and longer periods of time such as months, seasons and years.

Ex: in the morning, in January,  in (the) winter, in 2016, 

in the 21st century, in the 80s, in the past, in the last few years

ON

We usually use 'on' with days and dates.

Ex: on Monday, on my birthday, on New Year's Day

 on 30 July, on the second of August