8.1 the Industrial Revolution -TEACH-

• History
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 2

AGE 8. The Time of Citizens and Steam Engines

8.1 The Industrial Revolution

One answer per group.
Why was the steam engine a revolutionary invention?

the Time of Citizens and Steam Engines

1800 - 1900

Typical Aspects:

• 
  
• The Industrial Revolution
• Democracy and a parliamentary system
• Modern Imperialism
• Liberalism, nationalism, socialism and feminism

The Modern Age

Industrial Revolution

1750-1900

• a revolution is a drastic change, affecting many people over a relatively short span of time.
• The arrival of machines has changed the way people produce goods: from manual labour to machine production.

Not only the way of production is changing enormously: the arrival of steam trains is also bringing major changes in the transport of people and goods.

Shooting coil

1733

• To make clothes faster, you have to be able to weave faster.
• The Englishman John Kay invented the shooting coil. With this you can weave much faster than by hand.
• The shuttle was not yet a real machine: it was operated by hand.

Important inventions:

Spinning Jenny

1764

• If you can weave faster, you also need more thread.
• James Hargreaves' Spinning Jenny allowed you to spin 8 and later 16 wires at the same time

Cotton Gin

1793

• Because spinning and weaving went much faster, more cotton was also needed.
• To get the seeds out of cotton fluff faster, the American Eli Whitney invented the Cotton Gin ("Cotton engine").
• Slavery also rose: many more slaves were needed to pick the cotton ...

Steam engine

around 1764 

• The first working steam engine of the Industrial Revolution was that of Thomas Newcomen around 1705
• Only with the improvements of James Watt could the steam engine really be used

De Engelsman James Watt voerde een aantal belangrijke veranderingen door in Newcomen's stoommachine waardoor het gebruik en de inzet makkelijker werden.

What can you do with a steam engine?

write down 1 advantage of the steam engine

write down 1 disadvantage of the steam engine

Changes through

the steam engine 

• Old energy sources (wind, muscle and water power) were slowly  replaced
• wind: a steam engine works always, not just when it's windy
• muscle; a steam engine never gets tired.
• water: a steam engine can be placed anywhere, not just near a river.

Doordat de vraag naar delfstoffen (ijzer en steenkool voor de machines) sterk toenam, moest er steeds dieper worden gegraven. Met stoommachines werd het grondwater weggepompt.

from small-scale manual production in the cottage industry ...

... to large-scale machine production in factories