1.4 Sick lungs

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• Middelbare school
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• Leerjaar 2

1.4 Sick lungs

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1.4

Notes

Homework

1.4 Sick lungs

Asthma

COPD

Smoking/vaping

Hay fever

Air quality index

Asthma

ASTHMA:

With asthma, there is inflammation of the air passages that results in a temporary narrowing of the airways that carry oxygen to the lungs.

Symptoms:

- Coughing               - Shortness of breath

- Wheezing               - Chest tightness

COPD

COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)

A group of lung diseases that have similar symptoms and causes

Symptoms:
- Coughing               - Shortness of breath
- Wheezing               - Chest tightness 

The symptoms of COPD and ashtma look the same --> the cause is different

Bronchitis

• Continuous excessive mucus production --> frequent coughing (especially in the morning)
  
• Swollen bronchial tubes, sometimes accompanied by fever
• In many cases from the age of 40 or up
  
• Contraction of muscle cells (similar to asthma)
  
• Usually caused by smoking
  

Emphysema

• Makes it harder for oxygen to enter the bloodstream from the lungs
• it strains the heart and can lead to heart problems
  
• The alveoli gets destroyed
  
• scar tissue forms in the lungs, making emphysema untreatable and further reducing lung function
  
• In many cases from the age of 40 or up
  
• Usually caused by smoking
  

COPD is caused by environmental factors such as smoking. Asthma is mainly caused by genetic factors.

COPD is a combination of two diseases. Which ones are these?

1. Hay fever & emphysema
2. Emphysema & bronchitus
3. Bronchitus & fibrosis
4. Emphysema & fibrosis

Smoking

Have you ever smoked a cigarette/vape?

Yes

No

Smoking - why is it bad?

• = a controllable environmental factor
• Effects --> COPD, addiction to nicotine, damage to ciliated cells in the airways
• Tar build-up: tar from cigarettes forms a sticky layer in the alveoli, hindering oxygen and carbon dioxide exchange in the lungs

Smoking - why is it bad?

• Carbon monoxide impact: smoking produces carbon monoxide, which reduces oxygen delivery to cells
• Overall health risks: chemicals
• Cancer risk

Healthy

Smoking

Vapen

Vaping

Why do young people start smoking or vaping?

If all of my friends smoked, I would smoke too.

What illness can you get when you get too much sunshine and you smoke too much?

1. hay fever
2. malaria
3. asthma
4. cancer

Hay fever

• Pollen allergy --> allergic reaction to pollen from grasses and wind-pollinated plant
• Effect on asthma --> acts as an additional trigger for asthma attacks
• Body's reaction --> hay fever is an overreaction of the body's defense system to harmles pollen, causing excessive muus production, and itchy, teary eyes
• Symptoms can look the same of a cold (but a cold is caused by a virus)
• Treatment options --> medicine, honey
  

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of hay fever

1. A runny nose
2. Teary eyes
3. Eczema
4. A blocked nose

Air Quality Index

indicates pollution levels and health risks --> higher values mean more lung issues

Particle risksPM2.5 = the most harmful due to its ability to deeply lodge into the lungs