Grammar: Auxiliary verbs

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 2

Auxiliary verbs

helping verbs that modify the main verb. 

(hulpwerkwoord)

Important in expressing necessity, ability and advice. 

Must / Have to / Could / Should / Ought to

Must	Used for rules and laws	Formal and strong
Have to	Expresses an external obligation or requirement	Neutral.
Could	Suggest a possibility or past ability.	Neutral
Should	Offers advice or suggests a preferable action.	Slighty Formal
Ought to	Similar to "should" but often carries a stronger moral implication.	Slighty Formal

Auxiliary verbs: must, have to, should

Positief	Vertaling
should	eigenlijk moeten
must	moeten
have to	moeten

Negatief	Vertaling
should n't	eigenlijk niet hoeven
must n't	Niet moeten/ hoeven
don't have to	niet hoeven

Auxiliary verbs: advies --> verplichting

weinig verplichting

veel verplichting

Levels van verplichting

weinig verplichting

veel verplichting

Must

Levels van verplichting

weinig verplichting

veel verplichting

Must

Should

Levels van verplichting

weinig verplichting

veel verplichting

Must

Should

Have to

Gerund 

gerund intro

Gerund

• Gerund = verb + -ing
• Used as a noun (zelfstandig naamwoord)
• "Singing is fun"

Gerund

Subject:

• "Singing is fun."
• "Waking up at 6am is not fun."

Gerund

After verbs like:

• love, stop, start, keep on
• "I love singing in the shower."
• "We stopped caring after a while."
• "They started screaming when they saw the grammar."
• "We have to keep on moving to get there in time."

Gerund

After prepositions (voorzetsels):

• Any examples of a preposition?
• "I am a fan of writing."
• "There is a use for making homework."
• "They spent much time on thinking."

Gerund

Expressions:

• "I look forward to singing in front of y'all."
• "There is no use in trying again."
• "Tash Sultana is worth listening to."

Moeten

Must/mustn't:

• When something is absolutely necessary;
• "I must go now, my mom just called."
• "You must be tired."
• "He mustn't tell you what to do!"

Moeten

Have to + verb:

• Mandatory (verplicht van buitenaf)
• "You have to be on time."
• "We have to get a good grade to graduate."
• Negative: don't/doesn't 
• "You don't have to go, if you don't want to."

Moeten

Should + verb:

• Zou moeten doen
• "You should eat fruit more often."
• "We should do our homework."
• Negative: shouldn't + verb
• "He shouldn't run in the halls."

Moeten

Ought to: 

• Formal version of "should"
• Stronger meaning
• "You ought to do your homework."

Wat is de gerund?

- werkwoord neemt de rol van onderwerp of voorwerp (lijdend of meewerkend)

- werkwoord neemt dus rol aan van zelfstandig naamwoord

- werkwoord met -ing (Maar geen vorm van TO BE !!) --> lijkt dus op present continuous

ex. I love listening to music (Waar hou je van? --> luisteren naar muziek (onderwerp). De actie luisteren naar muziek wordt hier dus een ding, te vervangen met "het"