.. you will learn how large states in europe maintained the peace.
.. you will learn how nationalism arose.
.. you will learn how the Franco-German War broke out and unfolded.
.. you will learn how international tension increased.
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Tijd van Burgers en Stoommachines (1800-1900)
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After Napoleon's victory in 1815, there were six major powers (states) in Europe: Great Britain, Russia, France, Austria, Prussia and the Ottoman Empire.
At the Congress of Vienna in 1814-1815 the five powers, without the Ottoman empire, discussed how they could keep the peace.
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To ensure that France cannot just attack England again, the countries of Belgium and the Netherlands had to be merged. With a new king, of course: Willem I
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Different groups of people lived in Europe in 1815. Nationalism formed among many people. They felt they were one nation and strived for a nation state.
This wish did not match reality. Sometimes one people lived spread out over multiple states or different people lived in multi-ethnic states, such as Austria, Russia and the Ottoman empire.
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The growing desire to form nation states led to revolts and wars among many different people. This created new states, such as Greece, Belgium and Italy.
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Nationalism also led to the Franco-German war (1870-1871), which was started by the Chancellor of Prussia, Bismarck.
Until 1871 Germany consisted of 39 regions. German liberals wanted a unified Germany and thus opposed the German monarchs.
Chancellor: German head of government, prime minister
opposition: opponents of a government
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Bismarck tried to violently unify Germany by making France a common enemy. France lost the war and Germany became a nation state under the king of Prussia, who became emperor.
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After 1871 tension between the states in Europe increased. Russia increased its power at the cost of the Ottoman empire.
Two Ottoman people, the Serbs and Bosnians were in a conflict with each other. This conflict eventually led to World War I.
Lesson duration is: 70 min
