BS1 - Genotype and Phenotype

• Biologie
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 3

Today's lesson

1. Introduce new topic: Heredity and evolution

2. Review DNA

3. Discuss Genotype and Phenotype

Basics of heredity

• Gene: part of your DNA with info on one trait 
• You get one set of genes from your mom and one set of genes from your dad
• For every trait you have two genes (pieces of info)
• These pieces of info can be different variations of the gene
• The combination of the two pieces decides what that trait will be for you

Example:

• Trait : Hair color - brown
• Gene : part of the DNA carrying the info for this trait
• Variations in this gene: blond, brown, red, black
• Mother's hair : blond   x    Father's hair : brown
• You : one gene (blond) x one gene (brown) = Brown hair

00:44

How does DNA act as a blueprint for life?

1. By making proteins
2. By making carbohydrates
3. By making new cells
4. By making amino acids

01:02

Amino acids attach to eachother to create...

01:24

What is a name of a group of organs function together as one?

01:43

Give 2 examples of proteins in your body.

02:39

Give the code to the 2nd strand of this piece of DNA:
A T T C C G T A C

03:15

What is the RNA code from this piece of DNA:
A T G C A G

03:42

In which organelle is the protein folded?

1. Rough ER
2. Smooth ER
3. Golgi Apparatus

Genetic material

• Genetic material is located in the nucleus of every cell.
  
• Each nucleus has chromosomes  that contain DNA.
  
• The genetic material is located in DNA molecules.
  
• Nuclei of human cells have 46 chromosomes.
  

Each human being has 46 chromosomes. How many did you get from your mother?

1. 46
2. 23
3. 22
4. 45

Genotype

• complete set of your inherited characteristics
• information from DNA
• you are born with it

Phenotype

• your appearance 
• seen from the 'outside' 
• combination of genotype + environmental factors

genotype

phenotype

XY chromosomes

cannot change!

you inherit this

can sometimes change during your life

you do not inherit this

a scar

Is not always visible

genotype and phenotype

Identical twins do have the same genotype but not necessarily the same phenotype

1. true
2. false

Do Now:

Read 5.1

DO Qs 1 t/m 7