Introduction - Genotype and Phenotype

• Biologie
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 3

Today's lesson

1. Introduce new topic: Inheritance 

2. Review DNA

3. Discuss Genotype and Phenotype

Inheritance?

Take out your notebook!

Basics of inheritance

• Gene: part of your DNA with info on one trait 
• You get one set of genes from your mom and one set of genes from your dad
• For every trait you have two genes (pieces of info)
• These pieces of info can be different variations of the gene
• The combination of the two pieces decides what that trait will be for you

Example:

• Trait : Hair color - brown
• Gene : part of the DNA carrying the info for this trait
• Variations in this gene: blond, brown, red, black
• Mother's hair : blond   x    Father's hair : brown
• You : one gene (blond) x one gene (brown) = Brown hair

00:44

How does DNA act as a blueprint for life?

1. By making proteins
2. By making carbohydrates
3. By making new cells
4. By making amino acids

01:02

Amino acids attach to eachother to create...

01:24

What is a name of a group of organs function together as one?

01:43

Give 2 examples of proteins in your body.

02:39

Give the code to the 2nd strand of this piece of DNA:
A T T C C G T A C

03:15

What is the RNA code from this piece of DNA:
A T G C A G

03:42

In which organelle is the protein folded?

1. Rough ER
2. Smooth ER
3. Golgi Apparatus

Genetic material

• Genetic material is located in the nucleus of every cell.
  
• Each nucleus has chromosomes  that contain DNA.
  
• The genetic material is located in DNA molecules.
  
• Nuclei of human cells have 46 chromosomes.
  

Chromosomes

Each human being has 46 chromosomes. How many did you get from your mother?

1. 46
2. 23
3. 22
4. 45

Genotype

• complete set of your inherited characteristics
• information from DNA
• you are born with it

Phenotype

• your appearance 
• seen from the 'outside' 
• combination of genotype + environmental factors

Do Now:

Read 5.2

DO Qs 4 t/m 7

genotype

phenotype

XY chromosomes

cannot change!

you inherit this

can sometimes change during your life

you do not inherit this

a scar

Is not always visible

genotype and phenotype

Identical twins do have the same genotype but not necessarily the same phenotype

1. true
2. false

chromosomes

A human cell contains 46 chromosomen

23 from mom and 23 from dad.

All nuclei of the cells in your body contain a combination of these chromosomes from both parents.