2HVT 2.1 The rise of humanism

• Geschiedenis
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 2

2.1 The rise of humanism

Raising questions

Renaissance

Culturally: what were very  important rediscovery's?

(hint: from the east)

Humanism

Bricks p. 34

"For hundreds of years, the Catholic Church had been the main religion in Europe. But all of this was about to change at the end of the Middle Ages. More and more people began to wonder if some of the Catholic Church's practices were truly Christian or not. The first men to do this were called humanists"

Ancient Greek Humanism

1. Critical thinking and looking at nature are more important then  ideas from religions
2. Nature and supernatural should be studied separately.
3. Humans give meaning to their own life (not gods or other forces).

Homework

Read 2.1 and make questions: 

Introduction questions 1 untill 3 + 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 10 and 11.

Humanism

and

Critical thinking

Homo universalis

New scientific interest

Trying to explain the world rationally (instead of through belief)

Renaissance humanism

1. In the East sources were found and brought to Italy, and later on, futher North.
2. Many of the sources were in Greek and had to be translated into Latin again. 

• Why Latin?

What were the sources that were brought to Italy?

1. Sources from Italy and Latin texts.
2. Sources from the West and Latin texts.
3. Sources from the East and Greek texts.
4. Sources from the East and Latin texts.

Why was Latin used to translate the Greek sources?

1. Latin was the official language of Italy.
2. Latin was the language of the East.
3. Latin was the language of scholarship in Europe.
4. Latin was easier to learn than Greek.

Petrarch

• Lived: 1304-1374 
• 'Father of humanism'
• Biggest collection of Greek   and Roman texts in Europe
• Humans should use their curiosity and creativity

From the texts Petrarch concluded that the way monks chose to live, wasn't leading you to a better or closer relation to god. 

He believed that using your intelligence, curiosity and creativity was what god wanted.

He touched upon 'mistakes' the church had made, but didn't see that as a problem.

Thomas More

• Lived: 1478 - 1535 
• Lawyer, catholic, writer of Utopia (the perfect society)
• > God gave human talents and they had to use these for god. 

1504: member of Parliament

1521: knighted and named under-treasurer.

1529: Lord Chancellor

The lord chancellor is a member of the Cabinet and is, by law, responsible for the efficient functioning and independence of the courts.

1532: resigning as Chancellor because king Henry VIII wanted to divorce his wife and marry Anne Boleyn. 

1534: Henry founds the Anglican Church with the Act of Supremacy.

1535: More is excuted by beheading.

According to Thomas More, who gave human talents?

1. Nature
2. God
3. Parents
4. Society

What was Thomas More's religious affiliation?

1. Catholic
2. Protestant
3. Jewish
4. Muslim

Which book did Thomas More write?

1. To Kill a Mockingbird
2. Pride and Prejudice
3. War and Peace
4. Utopia

What was Thomas More's profession?

1. Doctor
2. Lawyer
3. Engineer
4. Teacher

Erasmus

• Lived: 1466 - 1536
• Catholic priest 
• Translated the new testament from Greek to Latin
• > Criticism on certain practises in the church

Goed bevriend met Thomas More. Woonde o.a. in Rotterdam

What was Erasmus' profession?

1. Farmer
2. Catholic priest
3. Politician
4. Soldier

What was Erasmus critical of?

1. The monarchy
2. Science and technology
3. Certain practices in the church
4. Art and literature

In which language did Erasmus want to translate the Bible?

1. Latin to Greek
2. Hebrew to Latin
3. English to Latin
4. Latin to vernacular

Questioning the church

• Anglican Church: The church in England after Henry VIII made himself head of the church 
• Act of supremacy: The act in which the church of England split from the Catholic church in 1534

Work:

Page 40

1/2/4/5/6/7/8/9/10/11

Have fun :) 

Read page 36 the third part about Erasmus. What was his criticism?

Did Thomas More and Erasmus want to leave the church?