Regulating blood glucose

• Science
• Upper Secondary (Key Stage 4)
• GCSE

Which of the following is the correct chemical formula for glucose?

1. 
2. 
3. 
4. 

What binds to the haemoglobin inside red blood cells?

1. oxide
2. carbon dioxide
3. hydrogen
4. oxygen

What is the movement of water from an area with a higher water level to an area with a lower water level across a partially permeable membrane called?

1. osmosis
2. diffusion
3. active transport
4. peristalsis

In osmosis water moves across a _____________ ___________ membrane.

What is it called when the blood pushes against the walls of the blood vessel?

1. pulse
2. heart rate
3. athersclerosis
4. blood pressure

What will increase blood pressure?

1. Water moving out of blood and decreasing its volume
2. A person sweating more to cool their body down
3. Water moving into blood and increasing its volume
4. A person shivering to warm their body up

What key group of proteins speed up chemical reactions in cells and are affected by temperature?

1. enzymes
2. antibodies
3. hormones
4. receptors

The main components

The main components - organs

Liver - responds to hormones and either takes in and stores glucose as glycogen OR breaks down glycogen and releases glucose into blood.

Pancreas - contains receptors that detect changes in blood glucose and in response to this produce one of the two hormones insulin or glucagon.

Muscles - respond to hormones and either take in and store glucose as glycogen OR break down glycogen and release glucose into blood.

The main components

The main components - hormones

Insulin 

• Produced by pancreas when the blood glucose levels go above the accepted level.
• Travels in blood round the body
• Stimulates target cells (mainly muscles and liver cells) to remove glucose from blood and convert this to glycogen.

Glucagon - for when the glucose has gone

• Produced by pancreas when the blood glucose drops below the accepted level
• Travels in blood round the body
• Stimulates target cells to break down glycogen store into glucoe and release glucose into teh blood

Will blood glucose have increased or decreased at x?

x

What is organ x?

x

1. liver
2. stomach
3. pancreas
4. muscles

What hormone does x
represent?

Decrease

x

Insulin

Adrenaline

Oestrogen

FSH

Glucagon

Which hormone is released by the pancreas when the blood glucose is low?

1. glycogen
2. insulin
3. glucose
4. glucagon

When will insulin be released by the pancreas?

1. Normal blood glucose
2. High blood glucose
3. Low blood glucose
4. Fluctuating blood glucose

How do the hormones
travel round the body?

Liver

High blood glucose

Glucagon

Pancreas

Insulin

Low blood glucose

Which is the hormone?

1. Glycogen
2. Glucose
3. Glucagon
4. Glycolysis

When will your blood glucose be higher than the accepted level?

1. After exercise
2. On a diet
3. After you have slept all night
4. 30-60 minutes after a meal

What is this the definition for?
"Several different tissues working together to perform a function"

1. Tissue
2. Organ
3. Organ system
4. Organism

What organ in the human body is where glucose is absorbed into the bloodstream?

1. Mouth
2. Esophagus
3. Stomach
4. Small intestine

Where in the glucose regulation system are the receptors that detect changes in blood glucose levels?

1. Mouth
2. Pancreas
3. Stomach
4. Liver

What comes after a receptor in the nervous reflex arc?

1. sensory neuron
2. relay neuron
3. motor neuron
4. effector

Which of the following is not a cellular component of blood?

1. Plasma
2. Red blood cell
3. White blood cell
4. Platelets

Which of the following will not be dissolved in the blood plasma?

1. Oxygen
2. Insulin
3. Glucose
4. Glucagon

How to change blood glucose

What insulin causes:

All the glucoses removed from the blood are joined together to make glycogen a storage molecule.

What glucagon causes:

Glycogen is broken apart into glucose which is then released into the blood.

Negative feedback

This is the mechanism used in homeostasis to maintain things at the acceptable level.

The mechanism does the response that negates  the change... reverses the levels back to acceptable.

glucose

insulin

glycogen

target

organ

receptors

response

insulin

glucagon

Lowers blood glucose

High blood glucose

glucose

glycogen

glucagon

Insulin

Glucagon

glucose

glycogen

Diabetes

• Type 1 and Type 2
• People with diabetes are unable to regulate their blood glucose levels
• Blood glucose can get too high (hyperglycemia) or too low (hypoglycemia)

Diabetes type 1

• Present from birth
• Autoimmune - your own immune system attacks and destroys the cells in the pancreas that make insulin
• Can't make insulin so need to inject this
• Monitor blood glucose
• Diet controlled

Diabetes type 2

• Gradually develops
• Associated with lifestyle risk factors and Obesity
• Can produce insulin
• Cells don't respond to insulin
• Change diet and level of exercise
• Monitor blood glucose and can inject insulin if needed

What is true for both types of diabetes?

1. Present from birth
2. Can't regulate blood glucose
3. Linked to obesity
4. Can't produce insulin

What hormone is not present in the blood of a person who has type 1 diabetes?

1. Glucagon
2. Estrogen
3. Glucose
4. Insulin

Which of the following is NOT something a person with Diabetes type 2 needs to do?

1. Monitor blood glucose
2. Do regular exercise
3. Reduce starch and glucose in diet
4. Drink more carbonated drinks

When do people with diabetes need to check their blood glucose levels?

1. 30 minutes after a meal
2. Before eating
3. If they are feeling fatigued
4. All of the above

Free writing

In your book write down everything you can recall about blood glucose regulation and diabetes.

Congratulations. You just finished the blood glucose regulation lesson!

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How did it go?

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