Lesson 32 - Modal verbs

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 2

Lesson 32 Modal verbs

• Short speaking activity
• Modal verbs recap
• Independent work
• Vocabulary practice - Pictionary 

Goals

• You know how to use the modal verbs
• You know how to give your opinion on a current issue

Speaking activity

• Breakout rooms with 2 or 3 people
• Discuss the following question:
• "Classes at school should be 45 minutes long."
• Remember your partner's opinion

Modal verbs

Can show 4 things

1. Obligation - you need to do it
2. Permission - you are allowed to do it
3. Prohibition - you are not allowed to do it
4. Advice or recommendation - you should do it, but not necessarily.

Obligation - must

• subject + must + infinitive without to

• Restaurants must put the tables 1.5 meters apart.
• He must be sad after breaking up with his partner.
• You must leave this place immediately!

• Must is more formal, used in writing

Obligation - have/has to

• subject + have/has to + infinitive without to

• We have to leave before the flood comes.
• They have to study for their test.
• Sarah has to take the cookies out of the oven in ten minutes.

• Have to is more informal, spoken language, not a rule

Obligation - have/has to

Negative sentences

• don't / doesn't + have to + infinitive without to
• We don't have to do this if you are scared.

Questions

• Do / Does + subject + have to + infinitive without to
• Does Amanda have to work at Mcdonald's on Thursday?

Obligation - have/has to

Past tense

• subject + had to + infinitive without to

• We had to leave immediately.
• Sarah had to take her dog to the vet.
• Naoki had to finish his assignment by 11 p.m.

Permission - can

• subject + can + infinitive without to

• You can go to your friend's house.
• She can walk the dog today since Amara is gone.
• Justin can have some chips with his dinner.

Permission - be allowed to

• subject + be allowed to + infinitive without to

• We are allowed to stay up until 11 p.m.
• It is allowed to play in the yard.
• I am allowed to play on my Switch for 45 minutes.

Prohibition - mustn't

• subject + mustn't + infinitive without to

• You mustn't go there!
• The guest mustn't enter the kitchen.
• You must not leave your bag here. Leave it in the other room.

• Expresses a rule

Prohibition - can't/cannot

• subject + can't/cannot + infinitive without to

• You can't leave the classroom yet.
• You cannot have a drink until you are 21 in the U.S.A.
• They can't get away with this.

Prohibition - be not allowed to

• subject + be + not + allowed to + infinitive without to

• I am not allowed to sleep during class.
• Billie is not allowed to walk alone at night.
• It is not allowed to run in the museum.

Advice & recommendation - should

• subject + should + infinitive without to

• You should eat some fruit every day.
• We should see that movie.
• I should go to sleep earlier, that way I won't be tired.

Advice & recommendation - should

• subject + should + not + infinitive without to

• You should not eat fast food every day.
• We shouldn't see that movie.
• I shouldn't go to sleep at 2 a.m.

Get to work

Open your Life book on page 165

Work on exercises 1, 2, and 3

Finished? Study the British Council vocabulary

Pictionary

• I will draw an image
• Raise your hand in Zoom (using the button) if you know what it is.

• I will give you a word and control of the screen.
• The others will once again try and guess the word.

Next lesson

Practice test

Writing a story