Past simple & Past perfect

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 3

Today:

Past Simple & Past Perfect

Past Simple

in een bevestigende zin, om een werkwoord in de verleden tijd te zetten, plak je er ...

-ED achter het hele ww. > I walked in the park yesterday.

of 

- het werkwoord is onregelmatig en heeft een 2de vorm - I broke my arm last
   week.

Vragen en ontkenningen Past Simple

Het hulpwerkwoord  + hele werkwoord

.. Did bij vragen

 .. Didn't bij ontkenningen

I walked in the park                                 I broke my arm

Did I walk in the park?                            Did I break my arm?

I didn't walk in the park.                         I didn't break my arm

Vragen en ontkenningen Past Simple

Staat er was/were in de zin? Dan gebruik je geen did of didn't:

I was at home.

Was I at home?    - (niet 'I didn't was at home')

 I wasn't at home  ( niet 'Did I was at home?')

Onregelmatige werkwoorden

Die volgen de regel niet: 

I go ----> I went

I see ------ I saw

I am ------> I was

You are -----> you were

Deze moet je echt leren!

Welke zin(nen) staan in de past simple?

1. My friends were on holiday last summer.
2. I walked to school this morning.
3. My dog ate my homework yesterday.
4. I have never been on a plane.

Past perfect

past perfect wanneer?

De past perfect verwijst naar een tijd voorafgaand aan het nu. Het wordt gebruikt om duidelijk te maken dat de ene gebeurtenis plaatsvond vóór de andere in het verleden. 

Het maakt niet uit welke gebeurtenis eerst genoemd wordt - de tijdsvorm maakt duidelijk welke het eerste plaatsvond.

(dus 2 gebeurtenissen, de ene gebeurd voor de andere)

vb: John had gone out when I arrived in the office.

past perfect hoe?

Verleden tijd van het werkwoord to have (had) + voltooid deelwoord. (stam+ed of 3e rijtje onregelmatig)

bevestigend: she had given

ontkennend: she hadn't asked

vragend: had they arrived?

vragend ontkennend: hadn't you finished?

past perfect voorbeelden

I had defeated my friend Jimmy (het langst geleden = past perfect), before his parent arrived (minder lang geleden = past simple).

- Right after he had shouted at me, he ran away.

- Before they went to the city, they had finished the game. 

- I planned to go on holiday, when I had heard about the cheap ticket prices.

- As soon as we had finished our drinks, we went to school.

- You were surprised, because you had never seen anything like this.

Signaalwoorden zijn bv

• after, 
• before, 
• because, 
• right after, 
• as soon as, 
• when, 
• in 2012.

Past perfect + just

Just' wordt samen met de past perfect gebruikt om te verwijzen naar een gebeurtenis die slechts iets eerder dan voor het heden plaatsvond, bijv.

The train had just left when I arrived at the station.

She had just left the room when the police arrived.

I had just put the washing out when it started to rain.

 

Wat is Past Perfect?

1. have + voltooid deelwoord
2. Has + voltooid deelwoord
3. had+voltooid deelwoord
4. To be + voltooid deelwoord

Past Perfect

1. Happened after the past simple
2. Happened before the past simple

As soon as I (to finish) ........... my homework, I went out.

1. finished
2. finish
3. had finish
4. had finished

The waiter brought a drink that I (not/to order)............

1. had not ordered/ hadn't ordered
2. didn't order
3. had not order/ hadn't order
4. not had ordered

I arrived home and found that my wife (to go)........... away on holiday.

1. had gone
2. gone
3. had go
4. went

I got to the bus station two minutes later and I saw that the bus (just/to leave) ..........

1. had just leave
2. had just left
3. had left just
4. leaved just

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