week 5

27 September
1. HW Check Reading. Any problems?
2. Grammar. 
Do ex 17 first. Then check. 
Expanation required?
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Slide 1: Slide
EngelsMiddelbare schoolvwoLeerjaar 5

This lesson contains 48 slides, with interactive quizzes and text slides.

Items in this lesson

27 September
1. HW Check Reading. Any problems?
2. Grammar. 
Do ex 17 first. Then check. 
Expanation required?

Slide 1 - Slide

Slide 2 - Slide

MODALS
Let's teach you
all about
modal auxiliary 
verbs...

Slide 3 - Slide

What does 'auxiliary' mean?

Slide 4 - Open question

What is a lexical verb?
What is an auxiliary verb?

Slide 5 - Open question

Copy the following sentence into your notebook

The cables that must have been supporting the suspension bridge have broken but that can not be the reason why the  bridge has collapsed. 

Circle or highlight the lexical verbs and underline the auxiliary verbs.

Slide 6 - Slide

 
The cables that must have been supporting the suspension bridge have  broken but that can not be the reason why the  bridge has  collapsed. 


Slide 7 - Slide

Which verbs are the primary auxiliary verbs?

Slide 8 - Mind map

Slide 9 - Slide

primary auxiliary verbs 
Used to denote (=aanduiden) tense (also in questions or negations):

I am eating bread;  I was eating a donut.
They have eaten a sandwich; they had eaten a lot;
Do you eat bread? ; You did not  eat any bread yesterday.

Slide 10 - Slide

Slide 11 - Slide

What are modal auxiliary verbs?

Slide 12 - Mind map

Modal auxiliary verbs
Modal auxiliary verbs are
auxiliary verbs that are used to show a(n):

 ability, certainty, possibility, probability or obligation (=necessity). 

Unlike most verbs, there is only one form of these verbs.

Slide 13 - Slide

Slide 14 - Slide

verbs that can expres the same
to be allowed to - mogen/toestaan
(don't/didn't) mind - (niet) erg vinden

Slide 15 - Slide

Must (expressing obligation)
Only 1 form: Must (e.g. no past tense, no perfect tense);
Use:
a)  When something is obliged (personally or from a source outside) or not allowed:

( My mother told me that ) I must wear sunscreen or I will get a sunburn. (personal obligation and an obligation from a source outside)
You must not park your bike in front of the school. (it is forbidden)

Slide 16 - Slide

Must
b) to make deductions (= conclusies) when we are more or less certain about something:

You must be very tired, you worked so hard. (conclusie)
I must have left my notebook at home. (I do not know for sure)

Slide 17 - Slide

Must vs Have to 

Must does not have a past or a perfect form so,
 If you need a past or a perfect form you use: 
Have to:  which can be used in all tenses:
Have to
has to  
had to
have had to

Slide 18 - Slide

Must vs have to
Use: 
a)  An obligation made by someone else: 
You have to turn left here. 
You have to do your homework.
b) In the past:
I had to wear sunscreen last summer.
I had to park my bike at the back of the school.

Slide 19 - Slide

must not vs do not have to
Must not: something is not allowed:
You must not leave your bag near the staircase in the hall.

Do not have to: something is not necessary:
You do not have to do your homework for tomorrow.

Slide 20 - Slide

Should
a. expresses an obligation:  
You should work hard for your test. (zou moeten)
b. gives a recommendation: 
You should stop eating fast food. (zou eigenlijk moeten)
c. gives an opinion: 
Parents should not let their children play aggressive games. 
(zouden eigenlijk niet moeten)

 

Slide 21 - Slide

Shall (present tense of should)
Use:
1. to make a suggestion:
    Shall we dance? Shall I go now?
2. for obligation in very formal situations:
    You shall obey the rules. Students shall not enter here.
    There shall be no food and drink on the premises.

Slide 22 - Slide

Will Would
Both used: 
To offer something or to make an offer:
I will do the shopping today.
Would you be so kind as to call her?

Slide 23 - Slide

Will
Use: 
1. to show desire, preference, choice or consent:
   I will accept your offer. Will you please be quiet?
2. to show the future:
    It will be a great party. I will probably go out tonight.
3. to express capability:
    The ship will take three hundred guests. This bottle will hold two litres of coca cola.
4. to express determination or insistence:
     I will pass my test with an 8. I will do as you say.



Slide 24 - Slide

Would
Use:
1. to show preference
   I would rather go to the cinema today. 
2.  to show a wish
   I would like to have more free time.
3. for advice
   If I were you, I would study hard for this test.



Slide 25 - Slide

Can 
Use:
1.  for ability:
     I can speak 5 languages. She can't sing.
2. for informal permission:
    Can I sit here? Can we leave now?
3. for requests or suggestions
    Can I have the bill? You can sit wherever you like.


Slide 26 - Slide

Could
Use:
1. past ability:
     I could run ten kilometres when I was younger.
2.  for permission ( formal - polite):
      Could you repeat that again? Could I please go to the toilet?
3. for possibility: 
     This holiday could be really good. 
     You could go to to school when the lockdown is finished.



Slide 27 - Slide

May
Use: 
1. for formal permission.
    May I come in? May I go to the toilet Miss?
2. to suggest a possibility
     It may rain this evening. They may be late.


Slide 28 - Slide

Might
Use:
1. for an uncertain possibility
    It might be bad weather tomorrow. 
   Our teacher might come to  the party tonight.

Slide 29 - Slide

ought to
Something that is desired/wanted/obligation

You ought to do your homework!

Slide 30 - Slide

We ................ leave now or we will be late for class.
A
would
B
should
C
will
D
might

Slide 31 - Quiz

I .............. like a cup of tea, please.

A
will
B
would
C
should
D
have to

Slide 32 - Quiz

You do not ...... be quiet in that teacher's class. He is deaf.
A
must
B
will
C
have to
D
would

Slide 33 - Quiz

Sarah is such a talented singer. She ................ practise a lot.

A
must
B
may
C
can
D
would

Slide 34 - Quiz

Miss Arends, .............. I ask a question?
A
shall
B
must
C
should
D
may

Slide 35 - Quiz

The students ............. prefer having the test next week.

A
will
B
should
C
must
D
would

Slide 36 - Quiz

It ............. rain tomorrow so we’d better plan an indoor dinner.

A
can
B
might
C
must
D
should

Slide 37 - Quiz

Deductions about the past
Why were there no buses yesterday?
There must have been a strike.
There might have been an accident.

Slide 38 - Slide

Slide 39 - Slide

Deductions about the past
She failed her exams again. 
She can't have studied hard. 
She might have had a black out. 

Slide 40 - Slide

Deducations about the past
Modal + present perfect
Modal + have + past participle

Slide 41 - Slide

Slide 42 - Slide

Past modal questions:
They ______ her bike. That was mean.
A
shouldn't have stolen
B
didn't have to steal
C
might not have stolen
D
ought to steal

Slide 43 - Quiz

We _______ at home instead of going out in the rain. Now we all have a cold.
A
should have stayed
B
had to stay
C
should
D
could have stayed

Slide 44 - Quiz

I _________ more for that exam. I completely failed.
A
ought to have studied
B
shouldn't have studied
C
was allowed to study
D
studied

Slide 45 - Quiz

So, do you undersstand what the modal auxiliaries are all about?
A
Yes
B
No

Slide 46 - Quiz

Slide 47 - Link

Slide 48 - Link