Wilfred Owen - lesson 3

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 6

 some of the frequently used literary devices in his poetry

• onomatopoeia
• pararhyme
• alliteration
• oxymoron,
• juxtaposition

onomatopoeia

A word which suggests the sound it is describing: e.g. 'crackle', 'whisper', 'cuckoo'.

alliteration

Alliteration is a device frequently used in poetry or rhetoric (speech-making) whereby words starting with the same consonant are used in close proximity- e.g. 'fast in fires', 'stars, start'. This tends to emphasise the words, and can add to their sense of power, especially if the opening consonant is a hard one (such as t, d, n, k).

pararhyme

A partial or imperfect rhyme which does not rhyme fully but uses similar rather than identical vowels. These can be sandwiched between identical or similar consonants. Sometimes the second rhyme is lower in pitch than the first, which produces the effect of dissonance and failure, e.g. beer -bar, bore

oxymoron

A Figure of speech in which two apparently opposite words or ideas are put together as if they were in agreement, e.g. slow panic.

juxtaposition

juxtaposition is a literary device that implies comparison or contrast. 

Good - Bad

East Egg - West Egg

 and destruction and rebirth and renewal. By simply pairing these two entities side by side in the poem, Reed allows the reader to compare and contrast man-made technology meant to end life and nature’s capability of restoring and beginning life.

Example 2: The Joy Luck Club (Amy Tan)

I opened up the Schumann book to the dark little piece I had played at the recital. It was on the left-hand

page, “Pleading Child.” It looked more difficult than I remembered. I played a few bars, surprised at how

easily the notes came back to me.

And for the first time, or so it seemed, I noticed the piece on the right-hand side. It was called “Perfectly

Contented.” I tried to play this one as well. It had a lighter melody but with the same flowing rhythm and

turned out to be quite easy. “Pleading Child” was shorter but slower; “Perfectly Contented” was longer but

faster. And after I had played them both a few times, I realized they were two halves of the same song.

In this chapter of Tan’s novel, a daughter is trying to understand her mother’s actions towards her as a child while simultaneously coming to terms with her mother’s absence in death. The mother and daughter juxtaposition creates a foil for the narrative in many ways, particularly in that the daughter considers herself to be American and the mother considers herself Chinese. In addition, the juxtaposition of the daughter’s older, more experienced self and the memory of her childhood self encourages the reader to consider more fully how time can change someone’s perspective and understanding of people and memories.

In this passage, the daughter opens the piano book to find two musical pieces juxtaposed. As she plays each piece, the daughter explores the similarities and differences between them. This implicitly invites the reader to compare and contrast these pieces, although not musically. Instead, through the juxtaposition of the song titles, their musical descriptions, and the daughter’s reactions to playing them, the reader is able to compare and contrast the daughter’s relationship with her mother and the mother’s relationship with the daughter. This is significant in allowing the reader to explore meaning and understanding in the story, just as the daughter’s character attempts to do as well.

Example 3: Animal Farm (George Orwell)

Twelve voices were shouting in anger, and they were all alike. No question, now, what had happened to the faces of the pigs. The creatures outside looked from pig to man, and from man to pig, and from pig to man again; but already it was impossible to say which was which.

In his allegorical tale of the Russian Revolution and the nation’s transformation from a czarist regime to a communist state, Orwell juxtaposes many elements and themes to showcase the significance and meaning of historical events and political theory. In this passage, the animals witness the juxtaposition of the pigs and men at the end of the story.

Rather than resulting in a stark contrast, the juxtaposition of the pigs and men instead brings about an inability among the “outside” animals to distinguish between them. This has a dramatic effect in terms of the narrative, since the pigs were the original leaders of the revolution on the farm and intended, in the beginning of the literary work, to differentiate themselves as much as possible from the men they believed to be their oppressors.

In addition to the ironic effect of this juxtaposition of pigs and men, the “creatures outside” are juxtaposed with the pigs and men inside. This additional layer of juxtaposition is effective use of the literary device because it invites the reader not to compare and contrast the men with the pigs, but instead to compare and contrast the men and pigs (oppressors) with the outside animals (the oppressed). By utilizing juxtaposition, Orwell effectively demonstrates the link between power and its consequences, for those who possess it and those who don’t.

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Doomed youth:

1. Alliteration
2. oxymoron
3. juxtaposition
4. juxtaposition and assonance

rifles' rapid rattle

1. alliteration
2. alliteration and assonance
3. alliteration, assonance and onomatopoeia

Besides an anthem, the type of poem is also a

Do you see examples of personification?

The battlefield is a metaphor for a

The last 2 lines bring home the theme of death

1. true
2. false

Your opinion about this poem: