analgesic

• Opioids
• Tertiary Education

Analgesic

Analgesic agents used in pain:

-NSAID, paracetamol

-opioids

NSAID

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs:

-used for pain

-fever

-inflammation

-RA (rheumatoid arthritis)

NSAID

Examples: 

Ibuprofen

Ketoprofen

Diclofenac

Acetylsalicylic acid 

Mechanism of action:

- inhibition of enzyme - cyclooxygenase 

Paracetamol

- doesn't have any inflammatory properties

-used for pain and fever

- mechanism of action is not fully known

- dangerous for the liver (especially alcoholics and malnourished)

- safe if used in proper dosages

Which drug doesn't have an anti-inflammatory properties?

1. Ibuprofen
2. Aspirin
3. Ketoprofen
4. Paracetamol

NSAID and Paracetamol in children

- Aspirin is not allowed in children 

- From other NSAID Ibuprofen is the safest

- Paracetamol can be used in children in dosages: 10-15 mg/kg of the body mass ( no more than 60 mg / kg bm per day)

What is the safe dosage of Paracetamol for children?

Opioids

- used for pain (morphine)

- diarrhea (Loperamide)

-cough relief (Codeine, Dextrometorphan)

Opioids

Strong agonists: Morphine, Fentanyl, Metadon, Pethidi

Moderate agonists: Codeine

Antagonists:Naloxone, Naltrexone

Other (with no addictive potential): Loperamide, Dextrometorphan

Which opioid is the strongest?

1. morphine
2. codeine
3. fentanyl
4. loperamide

Which opioids have the most addictive potential?

Which drug can be used for cough relief?

1. dextromethorphan
2. pethidine
3. loperamide
4. Naloxone