Linking Words

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vmbo k, t, mavo
• Leerjaar 3,4

What are 'linking words'?

Emphasis

Addition

Contrast

Result

however

in contrast

above all

furthermore

nevertheless

most importantly

on the other hand

consequently

certainly

besides

moreover

what is more

due to

therefore

so

that is why

for instance

although

in fact

Which word do we NOT use to give an example?

1. for example
2. namely
3. for instance
4. furthermore

The words: In short
In brief, In summary,To summarise, In a nutshell, To conclude
In conclusion

Are used to ......?........information

1. summarise
2. explain
3. order
4. give examples of

The words:
And, In addition, As well as,
Also, Too, Furthermore, Moreover, Apart from
In addition to ,Besides
Are used to .......?......information

1. explain
2. summarise (samenvatten)
3. add
4. order

The words: The former,
Firstly, secondly, finally, The first point is,
Lastly, The following

Are used to:

1. summarise
2. Add information
3. explain
4. order

The words: Due to / due to the fact that,
Because, Because of, Since, As

Are used to:

1. explain / give a reason
2. order
3. summarise
4. indicate a contradiction (tegenstelling aangeven)

The words: Therefore, So, Consequently
This means that, As a result

Are used to:

1. indicate consequence (gevolg aangeven)
2. order
3. summarise
4. give examples

The words: But, However, Although / even though
Despite, In spite of / in spite of the fact that
Nevertheless, Nonetheless

Are used to:

1. summarise
2. indicate a contrast (verschil aangeven)
3. to explain
4. order

Now let's practise

I like sugar in my tea, .......... I don't like milk in it.

1. or
2. but
3. so
4. moreover

He was late ........ the bus didn't come.

1. or
2. if
3. because
4. why

They climbed the mountain...... it was very windy.

1. although
2. after
3. so
4. because

.......... I finished school, I went to New Zealand.

1. Although
2. After
3. So

Fill in the correct linking word:
Climates are changing ______ global warming.

1. in spite of
2. as a result of
3. in order to
4. although

Fill in the correct linking word:
We don't take global warming seriously enough ________ rising ocean levels and floods.

1. though
2. as a result of
3. because of
4. in spite of

Fill in the correct linking word:
He could read and write
______ being blind.

1. despite
2. as a result of
3. although
4. besides

"A picnic just wouldn’t be a picnic without the great British weather trying to ruin it. Jon Hacker and his family were prepared for that – what they didn’t count on, ________ , was a pair of overenthusiastic council officers trying even harder."

1. for example
2. however
3. likewise
4. therefore

Crossbreeds are more likely to escape the sometimes painful exaggerated physical features or inherited diseases plaguing some pedigree animals. Some show dogs have skulls that are too small for their brains, or suffer from breathing problems. ___________ the Dogs Trust and the RSPCA pulled out of the show, in 2008. The BBC also dropped the show from its programming that year after its request for certain breeds to be excluded was rejected.

1. For example,
2. In the meantime,
3. On top of that,
4. That is why

Most early silent films were destroyed when talkies were introduced at the end of the 1920s. The cellulose nitrate film on which they were produced was often melted down for its silver content. ______ , they were dangerous to store as the nitrate was very easily flammable.

1. As a result
2. In the meantime
3. Nevertheless
4. On top of that

Why is it important to know linking words and their function?