Recap Chapter 4

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Recap Chapter 4

Endogenous vs. exogenous forces

Last chapter (3) about endogenous forces:

 - Volcanoes

- Earthquakes

- Fold mountains

This chapter: exogenous forces: forces from outside the earth's crust

1. Weathering: breaks rocks apart

2. Erosion: proces that wears the rock away and transports the smaller pieces

3. Sediment: the smaller pieces of rock

Shrinking and expanding of rock because of big differences in temperature.

1. Weathering due to frost
2. Weathering due to the sun
3. Weathering because of plants
4. Chemical weathering

The proces of iron that comes in contact with oxygen and changes its color to orange/brown.

1. Weathering due to frost
2. Weathering due to the sun
3. Weathering because of plants
4. Chemical weathering

Weathering because of frost

Weathering because of the sun

Biological weathering (due to plants)

Chemical weathering

This type of weathering the composition does NOT change

Factors affecting weathering

- Composition of rock (limestone will weather much quicker than granite)

- Climate: 

Hot and wet climates: biological and chemical weathering

Colder and dryer climates: physical weathering

Weathering and erosion of glaciers

Fluvial erosion

V-shaped valley 

Coastal erosion

The form of the pebbles in this picture has been caused by ...

1. 1. Weathering
2. 2. Erosion
3. 3. Sediment deposition

Which valley do you see in this picture?

1. V-shaped valley
2. U-shaped valley

Sediment deposition

Weathering

Erosion

What needs to be the minimum of the sea temperature to form a hurricane?

1. 18 degrees Celsius
2. 25 degrees Celsius
3. 27 degrees Celsius
4. 34 degrees Celsius

What are the possible effects of a hurricane?

Step 1

Step 2

Step 3

Sediments sink downwards

When the river deposits more material than the sea can remove it, sediment plumes are formed

River slows down in lower course and can no longer carry the sediments

Which process took place in this picture?

1. Wind erosion
2. Fluvial erosion
3. Glacier erosion
4. Chemical weathering

Why are plants so effective against wind erosion?