4H Grammar: revision tenses + passive

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 4

4H Grammar: revision tenses

1. pres simple or pres continuous?

A Present simple

a. spelling

affirmative: ow = I, you, they, we of >persoon/dier/ding : ww

                          ow = he, she, it or 1 persoon/dier/ding: ww+s

negative: ow = I, you, they, we of >persoon/dier/ding :don't + ww

                          ow = he, she, it or 1 persoon/dier/ding: doesn't + ww

1.  present simple or present continuous?

A Present simple

a. spelling

affirmative: ow = I, you, they, we of >1persoon/dier/ding : ww

                       ow = he, she, it or 1 persoon/dier/ding: ww+(e)s

negative: ow = I, you, they, we of >persoon/dier/ding :don't + ww

                          ow = he, she, it or 1 persoon/dier/ding: doesn't + ww

questions: ow = I, you, they, we of >persoon/dier/ding :

                     Do + ow + ww + rest?

                     ow = he, she, it or 1 persoon/dier/ding: 

                     Does + ow + ww + rest?

b. use

1. present 

- gewoontes, routines, dingen die je regelmatig doet

- algemene feiten

- ww die gevoelens/gedachtes zijn

2. Future

- bij een dienstregeling, roosters, schema’s, aankomsttijden,vertrektijden, etc. 

c. hints

usually, normally, often, always, never, every, on (Mondays)

B present continuous

a. spelling

affirmative: am/are/is  + ww+ing

negative: am not / aren't / isn't + ww+ ing

questions: Am/are/is + ow + ww+ing+ rest?

b. use

Present: Actions going RIGHT NOW  

Future: = fixed plans, often with specific time reference.

c. hints

now, currently, at the moment, always

(bij ergernis)

Exceptions: Non-continuous Verbs

feeling:  hate, like, love, prefer, want, wish.

senses:  appear, feel, hear, see, seem, smell, sound, 

                taste.

communication: agree, deny, disagree, mean, 

                                promise, satisfy, surprise.

thinking: believe, imagine, know, mean, realize, 

                  recognize, remember, understand.

2. Past continuous or past simple?

A past continuous

a. spelling

Affirmative: was/were + ww+ing

Negative: wasn't/weren't + ww+ing

Question: Was/were + ow + ww+ing + rest?

b. use

- actie in het verleden die een tijdje bezig was 

- actie in het verleden (lange actie) die onderbroken werd door een andere actie (korte actie)

c. hints

while, when-zinnen > lange actie

2. past simple

2. past simple

B. spelling

affirmative: ww+ed or irregular  / to be: was/were

negative: didn't + infinitive   / to be: wasn't / weren't

questions: Did + ow + infinitive + rest?  / to be: 

                     Was/were + ow + rest?

b. use

actions in the past, completely over and done

c. hints

yesterday, last, in (2005), ago

Attention!

1. Pa cont – pa simple: ‘when/while’- zinnen 

Combinatie past continuous – past simple: 1 long action, 1 short action:

  - long action: past continuous (= was/were + verb+ing)

  - short action: past simple

 Example: When the bus arrived, we were running towards it

2. 2x past continuous in een zin: ‘while’-zinnen: 2 long actions

 Example: I was taking a bath while he was reading a book.

3. Enkel past simple: opeenvolgende gebeurtenissen ('then')

Example: I went to the toilet and then I did my homework.

To do:

ex A+B

Opgelet: fout in opgave A: choose between present simple and present continuous

Irregular verbs can be found on p. 281-285 in your book!

A

1. are you coming
2. does he eat
3. am working
4. does he come
5. is playing
6. are you coming
7. are not coming
8. is not playing
9. are you playing
10. go

11. doesn't go

12. arrive

13.  eats

14. Do you study

15. do they work

16. are not going

17. am not working

18. Is she working

19.  don't drink

20. is sleeping

B.

1. were you doing, called
2. was sitting, called
3. arrived, was
4. was watching, heard
5. went, had, met
6. were playing, hurt
7. were they doing, was 
8. was taking, rang 
9. was, rang
10. walked, was working

Vervolg B

11. It was a day last September. The sun was shining, the birds were singing. I was

walking along the street when I met an old friend.

12. He was living in Russia when the Revolution started.

13. When her train got to the station, we were waiting on the platform.

14. He was so annoying! He was always leaving his things everywhere.

15. On holiday we visited Rome, saw the Vatican, and spent a few days at the beach.

16. Why were you standing on a chair when I came into the room?

17. They lived in Germany when they were young.

18. At 7pm yesterday, we were listening to music.

19. When I left the house, it was snowing.

20. He was working in a bank when he met his wife

3. present perfect simple (voltooid deelwoord)

a. spelling

affirmative:  has/have + past participle (=ww+ed/irregular (3de kolom)

negative: hasn't/haven't + past participle

question:  have/has + ow + past participle + rest?

b. use

= actie in het verleden MAAR nog nu nog steeds bezig/ belangrijk/zichtbaar

c. hints

yet, already, just, since, for, always (tot nu toe), (n)ever, how long, before, so far

4. Present perfect continuous

a. spelling

affirmative: ow + has/have been + ww+ing

negative: ow + hasn't/haven't been + ww+ing

question: have/has + ow + been + ww+ing

b. use

actie in het verleden, nu nog steeds bezig, blijft nog doorgaan, nadruk ligt op de lengte van de actie

c. hints

all day, how long, for, since, lately, recently

Exceptions: Non-continuous Verbs

feeling: hate, like, love, prefer, want, wish.

senses: appear, feel, hear, see, seem, smell, sound,

                taste.

communication: agree, deny, disagree, mean,

                                promise, satisfy, surprise.

thinking: believe, imagine, know, mean, realize,

                  recognize, remember, understand.

To do:

ex C + D tem F

C.

1. has been

2. packed

3. have not played

4. have helped (result > visible)

5. closed - did that happen

6. Have you started your ...

7. have you had - bought

8. Did you see - bought

9. have arrived - brought

10. started

11. has just landed

12. haven't had

13. caught - have been

14. wandered

15. didn't go - have increased

16. have walked

17. have just come

18. lived - died - moved - has lived

19. has never lost - lost 

20. fell - has broken - hasn't been

D

1. have been practising (emphasis on length)
2. has run
3. have been
4. has been barking (emphasis on length)
5. have missed

E.

1. haven't eaten

2.has not been speaking

3. haven't been working

4. haven't known

5. hasn't hung

F. 

1. has she been waiting (asking about lenght of action)

2. have I told you (asking about quantity)

3. have you cleaned (asking about quantity)

4. have you been taking (asking about length of action)

5. Have you ever stayed

5. Past perfect simple

a. spelling

affirmative: ow + had + past participle (regelm. ww+ed)

negative: ow + hadn't + past participle

question: had + ow + past participle

b. use

actie die gebeurd is VOOR een andere specifieke actie in het verleden, vaak een oorzaak-gevolgsituatie

Example: Before I came here, I had spoken to Jack.

c. hints

the previous (week), before, after

To do:

G

G

1. didn't feel - had eaten

2. had rested - felt

3. had known - went

4. happened - had heard

5. had stolen

6. didn't go - had invited

7. had just won

8. had won - suffered

9. had gone

10. managed - had studied

G

11.  arrived - had gone 

12. left -had offered

13. had walked - saw 

14. had just left - arrived

15. had finished - came 

16. had just had 

17. had been fishing - caught 

18. had not seen

6. The future

A present tenses used for the future

a. Present simple (ww of ww+s)

bij een dienstregeling, roosters, schema’s, aankomsttijden, vertrektijden, etc.

Example: The train leaves tonight at 7pm.

b. Present continuous (am/are/is + verb+ing)

Afspraken die vaststaan in plaats en tijd

Example: We are going on a date tonight.

b. Will/ won’t + verb

1. spelling

affirmative: will + ww

negative: will not/won't + ww

question: will/shall + ow + ww + rest?

Opgelet: Bij een vraag gebruik je in deze tijd shall i.p.v. will als het ow "I" of "we" is.

Example: You look parched. Shall I fetch you something to drink?

B simple future and going to-future

a. Am/is/are going to + verb

1. spelling

affirmative: am/are/is going to + ww

negative: am not/aren't/ isn't going to + ww

question: Am/are/is + ow + going to + ww + rest?

2. use

- Iets wat je van plan bent in de toekomst, maar geen concrete afspraak

(staat niet vast wanneer)

Example: I’m going to ask her out.

- Toekomstvoorspelling die gebaseerd is op

signalen die je krijgt. (Komt waarschijnlijk dus wel uit.)

Example: Look at the clouds! It is going to rain, we better take our umbrella with us.

2. use

- Iets wat je ter plekke aanbiedt (niet gepland) / bestellingen op restaurant

Example: I'll help you out, no problem! / I'll have the steak please.

- Belofte

Example: I’ll clean up my room.

- Besluit over de toekomst, soort van conclusie over wat er in de toekomst nu (niet) gaat gebeuren

Example: They will not come back after that terrible experience.

- Toekomstvoorspellingen die onzeker zijn.

 example: You will become very rich in the (probably, maybe…) future!

- Iets wat je denkt (‘I think / I believe…) dat gaat gebeuren in de toekomst.

Example: I think you will become very old.

To Do:

ex H

p.10 

1. will probably go 
2. leaves 
3.  are you wearing/are you going to wear
4. will find
5. am going
6. begins
7. will meet
8. is going to rain
9. is going to be 
10. am going to slip

To Do:

ex I

I)

1. was making, called, had totally forgotten, burned 
2. wear, wear 
3. moved, moved
4. fixed 
5. had run, stopped
6. stopped, had smoked 
7. is cleaning, has cleaned 
8. has been checking
9. have gotten
10. don't think, have had 
11. were talking, weren't paying, was standing 
12. phones
13. was, had worked
14. booked, hasn't made 
15. was watching
16. get, is, don't have 

1. was making, called, had totally forgotten, burned/burnt 
2. wear, wear
   
3. moved, moved
   
4. have fixed
   
5. had run, stopped
   
6. stopped, had smoked
   
7. is cleaning, has cleaned
   
8. has been checking
   
9. have gotten/got 
10. don't think, have had
    
11. were talking, weren't paying, was standing
    
12. phones
    
13. was, had worked
    
14. booked, hasn't made
    
15. was watching
    
16. get, is, don't have 

Mixed tenses, online exercise:

The passive

Use the hints to find out which tense you have to use!