CAE Reported speech

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reported speech

always goes one step back

reported speech 

is when direct speech ( with quotations: I said: " You are not listening." ) is turned into indirect speech (: I said that you were not listening.

SO:

direct speech: "I'm having a great time" Paul said.

is turned into:

indirect or reported speech:   Paul said that he was having a great time.

so:

present tense-> past tense

present perfect and past tenses-> past perfect

modal verbs: will -> would, must-> had to, may -> might and can -> could

other changes

pronouns and certain words indication time and place may have to change

for instance:

"I saw you here yesterday." said Alan.

Alan said he had seen me there the day before

sometimes time changes are n ot necessary:

1. if reported statements are still true

2. the reported verbs are in the present of present perfect

3. when questions are reported

Put the following sentence in reported speech: I worked as a waiter before becoming a chef,' he said.

'I'll phone you tomorrow,' he said.
Put in reported speech:

alternative verb parterns:

some verbs take an alternative verb pattern in reported speech

some examples will be given:

verb + that clause

He confirmed that he would be the next CEO

a verb + that + should is used to sound more formal

verb + (that ) + subject +do something

We insisted that he should fire the teacher

verb+ infinitive +to

He refused to cut off his own head

He offered to bring his own gear

verb + object + infinitive with to 

We begged him not to cut off his own head

He recommended us to buy our own ship

verb + gerund

We admitted cutting our own heads off

We suggested using your own scissors.

verb +preposition+ gerund 

We congratulate you on cutting your own head off

He confessed to shaving his own dog

passive can be used as well:

when the speaker does not wish to take responsibility for a statement or is reporting the view of others

It is rumoured that many students threatened  to cut off their heads.

It has been suggested that the minister took bribes

repetition reported speech

Which one is the correct alternative verb pattern:
We suggested that he apply for the job

1. verb + object + infinitive + to
2. verb + gerund
3. verb + that+ do something
4. verb + that clause

which is the correct verb pattern?
He admitted to feeling rather nervous

1. verb + preposition + gerund
2. verb + object + infinitive to
3. verb + passive
4. verb+ infinitive + to

which is the correct verb pattern?
It is thought that she may have left the country

1. verb. + that clause
2. verb + infinitive with to
3. verb + gerund
4. verb + passive

how do you turn direct speech into indirect?

I have a general idea of what reported speech is

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