grammar

• Engels
• HBO
• Studiejaar 1-4

W e l c o m e

All the tenses 

Break

Conditionals

Exceptions

Adverbs and adjectives

Relative pronouns 

The gerund

Our agenda 

What are tenses?

past 

present

future 

simple

continuous

____________ 

perfect +

what do they look like

ed / stem (+s) 

ing 

have (has) / had

simple

continuous

____________ 

perfect +

Examples

he walks to the park every Sunday.

He's making his homework right now.

I've just sent the email!

simple

continuous

____________ 

perfect +

odd ones but not rare

     past           perfect           continuous

  present       perfect          continuous

future          perfect          continous 

 

my dad is working right now

1. present continuous
2. present perfect
3. present simple

I am a musician.

1. present continuous
2. present perfect
3. present simple

((I cannot feel my arm,))
I might have broken it.

1. present continuous
2. present perfect
3. present simple

I had written 5 pages,
((then my pen broke))

1. past continuous
2. past perfect
3. past simple

present / past / future simple

present	past	future
regular facts , habits, routine.	clear indication of time in the past. fact	things that haven't happened yet. fact
Tjerk is the vice-president. Meija always bakes on Sundays	Bram made me some of his famous rice yesterday.	Sanne will make it work next time!

present / past / future continuous

present	past	future
somehting is happening right now. activity	je/iets was iets "aan het doen" background infromation. activity 2 things in the past.	something happening at a specific time in future "aan het doen" activity
Baruch is playing baskeball right now.	Jorgos was cycling across France around this time last year.	Menth will be singing us a song tomorrow morning.

present / past / future perfect

present	past	future
recent past that has noticeable effect on the present. unfinished time.	sequence of events, first that happened is past perfect.	actions with a deadline in the future.
Ruben's tactics have had a notable effect on the baseball club.	Anika had learnt English at Secodnary school before she started this minor.	Thijs will have handed in his Portfolio by next week.
FYNE YAS For, Yet, Never, Ever, Just, Already, Since	second action is always past simple.

perfect continuous

present	past	future
staretd in past and is still going on.	activity started in the past and ended in the past or it is story-telling	actions with a deadline in the future.
Lisa has been wait ing in queue for ten minutes.	Ruud had been drink ing a lot during the opening of the festival.	Gabriel will have been gam ing for 8 hours by the time we arrive tomorrow.
FYNE YAS For, Yet, Never, Ever, Just, Already, Since

At this time yesterday she ( to work) overtime.

Look Nienke (to dye) her hair!
(heeft haar haar geverfd)

last night my neighbours (to complain) about the loud noise.

I (to make) sure that you (receive) the warrant asap.

conditionals

0) absolute facts

1) "facts" / probable 

2) improbable 

3) impossible (past)

examples

0	1	2	3
pres simple + simple	pres simple + will infinitive	past simple + would infinitive	past perfect + would have past participle
if you heat ice, it melts.	If you work hard, you' ll make a lot of money.	If you studied more, you would get higher grades.	If you had listened to me, you would have known that you're a clown.

If you (to accept) Bram's offer you (to be) rich.
(had geaccepteerd, zou rijk zijn geweest)

If you (to charge) your phone every night the battery (deteriorate)
(als, dan zal)

Which tenses are future?

1. I will help you tomorrow.
2. I'm playing football Saturday.
3. I am going to play football.
4. He helps you every day

Past Simple

Wat is de regel van de past simple?

1. hele ww+ - (i)ed of irregular verb 2e rijtje
2. shit = hele ww+-s
3. vorm van to be + hele ww+ -ing
4. have/has + voltooid deelwoord (3e rijtje)

Present Perfect:

Wat is de regel van de present perfect?

1. ww+ ed
2. shit = ww+s
3. vorm van to be + ww+ing
4. have/has + voltooid deelwoord (3e rijtje)

Future met going to

Wat is de regel van de future met going to?

1. going to + ww
2. vervoeging going to + ww
3. am/are/is + going to + ww
4. do + going to + ww

Present perfect:
Wanneer gebruik je de present perfect?

1. het is in het verleden gebeurd en niet duidelijk wanneer
2. bij feiten, gewoontes en regelmaat.
3. wanneer het nog moet gaan gebeuren.
4. als het nu gebeurt.

Future met shall / will

1. Aanbod / om raad vragen / beloftes / in het algemeen praten over de toekomst
2. Dienstregeling / rooster / programma / vindt plaats op een vaste datum
3. Iets is afgesproken/ geregeld Gebeurt binnenkort
4. Iemand is iets van plan Je ziet aankomen dat iets gaat gebeuren (met bewijs)

Past continuous:

Wat is de regel van de past continuous?

1. hele ww+ - ed of irregular verb
2. was/were hele ww+ -ing
3. vorm van to be + hele ww+ -ing
4. have/has + voltooid deelwoord (3e rijtje)

PRESENT PERFECT:
in welke zin wordt de present perfect gebruikt?

1. I have lived in Utrecht for 13 years.
2. I was living in Utrecht.
3. I lived in Utrecht in 2010
4. I am living in Utrecht.

Future - arrangement (afspraak)

1. The doctor is calling me at 8.
2. The doctor is going to call me at 8.
3. The doctor will call me at 8.

PRESENT PERFECT:
the present perfect is used?

1. She had been working until late.
2. She have been working until late.
3. She has worked until late.
4. She has been working until late.

Past Simple:

Wat zijn de signaalwoorden van de Past Simple?

1. Tomorrow, next week, in 2025,
2. Last month, yesterday, a month ago, in 2012
3. Today, now,
4. again, always, constantly

Part 4: future met will

Wanneer gebruik je de future met will?

1. Als je een voorspelling maakt zonder bewijs.
2. Als je het hebt over alles in de toekomst.
3. Als je iets aanbiedt, bij beloftes, aankondigingen en besluiten.
4. Als je een voorspelling maakt met bewijs.

Welke vorm van de future is correct hier?

1. The train is leaving at 8.15 a.m.
2. The train leaves at 8:15 a.m.
3. The train is going to leave at 8.15 a.m.
4. The train will leave at 8:15 a.m.

Cars ____ (fly) in the future.

1. are flying
2. will fly
3. will flying
4. are going to fly

exceptions 

timetables 

The train leaves at 4 pm. / Class starts at 09:00.

always present simple.

irritation

She's always whining about her hair.

always continuous 

plan / arranged activity / intention

I'm going to buy a car tomorrow (intention) 

Bol.com is opening a facility in Venlo next year (plan)
We are going to the Zoo in July when corona ends. (arranged activity) 

relative pronouns

who --> people 

whose --> possesive 

which --> objects / animals 

that --> important clauses, replacable with which 

whom  --> who after voorzetsel 

past simple

past continuous

past perfect

past future

He had been wrong before.

Where was I?

That would be great!

They were being mean to the other kids.

We use 'will' when we are talking about: 

- 
-
-

-

We use 'going to' when we are talking about:

-

-

-

-

plans for the future

An uncertain prediction

verbs of opinion

prediction with evidence

Spontaneous decision (snap)

an offer to do something

Drag the tenses to the timeline.

Past Simple  st

Present Perfect

When do we use the Present Simple and when the Present Continuous?

Present simple

Present continuous

to describe actions that are going on at the moment of speaking

to describe past events in a vivid, dramatic, narrative way

to describe something that is always or usually true, such as general thruths or scientific facts

to talk about people's habits, for things they do or that happen regularly

When a future activity will take place according to a timetable, schedule or programma

to talk about things we have arranged to (with someone) in the (near) future

to talk about habits that the speaker finds irritating

Match the tense and when we use this tense

a past event that was in progress for some time before another past event

an event that had just stopped and of which result was still visible

an event in the past that happened before another past event

events in the past of which we know when they happened and that they are finished

past simple

past perfect

past continuous

past perfect continuous

Questions?