2021-2022 - V2 - The Dutch Revolt - Timeline (1568-1648)

• Geschiedenis
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 2

Online History Classroom rules

• You will need your History notebook
• Close off any other programs, games, and websites
  

What do you remember?

Political cause

Economic cause

Cultural cause

Protestantism

Higher taxes

Centralisation

Privileges

Inquisition

Wealthy cities

 Luther

Charles V

Margaret of Parma

William of Orange

Pope

Duke of Alva

Philip II

Watergeuzen

Heretic

Calvin

What did King Philip II do after he heard about the Beeldenstorm?

1. He had his sister Margaret executed
2. He sent his general, the Duke of Alva
3. Nothing, he agreed with the Protestants
4. He sent an angry letter to William of Orange

Today, you will learn

...who William of Orange was

...how he became leader of the Dutch Revolt

...what happened during the first years of the Dutch Revolt

Who was William of Orange?

• A nobleman who believed in freedom of religion
  
• A friend and advisor of Emperor Charles V
• But protested against King Philip II
  

William of Orange and the Dutch Revolt

• William had to hide from the Duke of Alva
• Gathers an army and attacks Alva's soldiers (1568)
  
• Becomes the official leader of the Revolt
  

Not much luck for the Dutch

The Spanish win most battles and thousands are slaughtered. Alva and his soldiers show no mercy

1572. A turning point in the Dutch Revolt

The Watergeuzen capture the city of Den Briel: a huge victory for William of Orange and his rebels!

Who was the Duke of Alva?

1. The leader of the Spanish army in the Netherlands
2. A protestant general who fought against King Philip II
3. A friend and avisor to William of Orange during the Dutch Revolt
4. The leader of the Dutch rebels who were fighting in Spain

What are Watergeuzen?

1. A type of fish, found in the Noordzee
2. A type of ship, typically Dutch
3. A type of rebel who supported the Revolt
4. A type of Spanish soldier

What was the most important weapon of the Watergeuzen?

1. Fire
2. Bombs
3. Chemical weapons
4. Water

Why is the capture of Den Briel in 1572 considered a turning point in the Dutch Revolt?

1. It was an important victory for the Spanish
2. It was an important victory for Alva
3. It was an important victory for the Dutch
4. It was an important victory for Philip II

How did the Dutch rebels prevent (voorkomen) the Spanish from taking back Den Briel?

1. They flooded the surrounding land
2. They set the whole city on fire
3. They had a much bigger army
4. The Spanish never tried to take the city back

1572. A turning point in the Dutch Revolt

The Watergeuzen capture the city of Den Briel: a huge victory for William of Orange and his rebels!

A split: the Union

of Atrecht (1579)

The southern provinces are mainly Catholic and want to remain part of the Spanish Empire. They form the Union of Atrecht in 1579.

A split: the Union

of Utrecht (1579)

The northern provinces are mainly Protestant and don't want to be part of the Spanish Empire. They form the Union of Utrecht in 1579.

Akte van Verlatinghe (1581)

The northern provinces signed the Akte van Verlatinghe in 1581. In this document, they wrote: "Kings should protect their people and help them. King Philip has not protected us, but he has abused and hurt us badly, so he can no longer be our king!"

Akte van Verlatinghe (1581)

• "Everyone knows that God has chosen kings to help protect the people against violence and suffering."
  
• "When a king doesn't do these things, but instead crushes the people, and takes away their freedom and privileges, he is not a king but a tyrant!"
  

What next?!

Who should be the new ruler of the Netherlands?

Now William is dead, nobody can replace them. So the leaders of the Dutch provinces stop their search for a new ruler.

The Dutch Republic is founded in 1588.