Ing - Gerunds and participles

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• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 5

Ing - Gerunds and Participles

What is a gerund?

Verb+ing that is used as a noun.

When do you use a gerund?

1. With  prepositions like: about, without, to, from, for, on, of

• My parents are talking about moving to another town.
• I look forward to hearing from you.

When do you use a gerund?

2. After certain verbs like: hate, like, stop, remember, enjoy, avoid,  mind, keep, miss, suggest, spend,

• So you have stopped biting your nails!
• Why do you always try to avoid meeting him?
  

When do you use a gerund?

3. As subject of a sentence (participle phrase)

• Following his advice could get you into trouble
• Criticising others is so easy
  

When do you use a gerund?

4. After certain words and expressions like: feel like, it's no use, it's worth, there's no, be busy, can't help

• Do you feel like going out on Friday?
• There's no denying he sings well
  

Watch out!

After the verbs to stop, to remember and to forget you can use both a gerund or an infinitive

This choice changes the meaning

What is the difference between:

I stopped smoking. / I stopped to smoke.

I remember buying my first bike. / Remember to buy a bike.

The form of a gerund

Unless a verb ends in -ee or -ie, we drop the final -e in a verb before adding -ing as in joking, taking, and making.

If a verb ends in -ee, add -ing like normal as in agreeing, fleeing, and seeing.

If a verb ends in -ie, replace it with –y before adding -ing as in lying (lie), tying (tie), and dying (die).

Difference gerund, continuous

The following sentences show how gerunds and participles/participial phrases are used differently.

1. Cooking is a useful skill to learn. (Cooking is a gerund used as a noun.)
2. The chefs are cooking steaks. (Cooking is a present participle used to form the present continuous tense.)
   
3. Chef Romero, cooking with gusto, prepared a 10-course meal. (Cooking is used as a participle in a participle phrase that modifies the noun Chef Romero.)

Let's practice!

For the next few sentences, write down the correct form of the verb given in brackets using either a gerund/participle (verb + -ing) or the infinitive (to + verb)

She delayed (get) out of bed

He demanded (speak) to the manager

I miss (go) to the beach

These books are not worth (buy)

I couldn't help (laugh)

Don't forget (buy) some milk

I really can't stand (wait) for the bus

I don't mind (stay) up late

Now do the Cambridge exercises page 18 - 19!

https://youtu.be/w8cKRoJfBzM