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Gerund Part 1
Gerund
GERUND
Part 1
1 / 27
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Slide 1:
Diapositive
Engels
Middelbare school
havo, vwo
Leerjaar 3
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Gerund
GERUND
Part 1
Slide 1 - Diapositive
Unit 2
Grammar
Present Simple ✔
Present Continuous ✔
Present Perfect ✔
Present Simple Vs Present Perfect ✔
Present Simple Vs Present Continuous ✔
Gerund
Auxiliary Verbs
Slide 2 - Diapositive
Lesson Goals
define gerunds
form gerunds from different verb types
identify a gerund in a sentence
Slide 3 - Diapositive
What is a Gerund?
a verbal
infinitive
+
ing
functions as a noun
Slide 4 - Diapositive
1. A
Gerund
is a verbal
A word formed from a verb is called a
verbal
.
Basic types of verbals: the
gerund
, the infinitive and the participles.
verb
gerund
infinitive
present participle
past participle
Speak
speaking
(to) speak
speaking
spoken
Gerund:
Speaking
was difficult.
Infinitive:
I asked my mom to
speak
to him.
Present Participle:
I heard them
speaking
to each other.
Past Participle:
The
spoken
language in the region is Dutch.
Slide 5 - Diapositive
Another example of a verb and its verbals
verb
gerund
infinitive
present participle
past participle
travel
travelling
(to) travel
travelling
travelled
Gerund:
Travelling
is fun but also expensive
.
Infinitive: He decided to
travel
alone.
.
Present Participle: My cat is not a good
travelling
companion.
.
Past Participle:
The
traveled
distance was about 20 km.
Slide 6 - Diapositive
Questions?
Slide 7 - Diapositive
Can you think of another verb and its verbals?
Gerund - Infinitive - Present Participle - Past Participle
Slide 8 - Question ouverte
2. A
Gerund
is formed by adding -ing to the infinitive.
Spelling Rules
If the verb ends in -
ie
: Replace -
ie
with -y- and add -
ing
.
l
ie
-> l
ying
, d
ie
-> d
ying
If the verb ends in
consonant+e
: Remove -e and add -
ing
.
ta
ke
-> tak
ing
, wri
te
->writ
ing
If the verb ends in
single vowel + single consonant
and the syllabel is stressed: Double the consonant and add -
ing
.
h
it
-> hi
tting
, st
ep
-> ste
pping
In most other cases, just add -
ing
.
Slide 9 - Diapositive
Questions?
Slide 10 - Diapositive
What is the gerund of the verb
swim
Slide 11 - Question ouverte
What is the gerund of the verb
sleep
Slide 12 - Question ouverte
What is the gerund of the verb
bake
Slide 13 - Question ouverte
2. A
Gerund
functions as a noun
Can you replace the -ing word with "it"?
Yes? It's a Gerund.
No? It's a Present Participle.
For example:
I love hiking. I love it.
✔ GERUND
It's a very interesting story. It's a very it story.
X Present Participle.
Slide 14 - Diapositive
You MUST be able to replace the gerund with "it" in your sentence.
Knitting is not my thing. - It is not my thing.
Slide 15 - Diapositive
Questions?
Slide 16 - Diapositive
Staring is not polite.
In the sentence above, "Staring" is
A
a gerund
B
a present participle
Slide 17 - Quiz
I love swimming.
In the sentence above, "Swimming" is
A
a gerund
B
a present participle
Slide 18 - Quiz
It was an exhausting experience.
In the sentence above, "exhausting" is
A
a gerund
B
a present participle
Slide 19 - Quiz
She is baking a cake.
In the sentence above, "baking" is
A
a gerund
B
a present participle
Slide 20 - Quiz
A gerund functions as a noun in the sentence.
l. Gerund as
subject
Skydiving
is an extreme sport.
2. Gerund as
direct object
I don't like
camping.
3. Gerund as
object of preposition
You got good grades because of
studying
.
4. Etc.
Slide 21 - Diapositive
You MUST be able to replace the gerund with "it" in your sentence.
I love swimming! - I love it!
Slide 22 - Diapositive
Questions?
Slide 23 - Diapositive
Can I...
define gerunds?
What is a gerund?
form gerunds from different verb types?
Make the gerunds of the verbs sleep-study-listen-trim
identify a gerund in a sentence?
Snorkeling is an interesting hobby.
Slide 24 - Diapositive
I understand the gerund.
😒
🙁
😐
🙂
😃
Slide 25 - Sondage
Next time:
Gerund Phrases
Verbs followed by gerund, infinitive or both
Slide 26 - Diapositive
Slide 27 - Diapositive
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