Cette leçon contient 32 diapositives, avec quiz interactifs, diapositives de texte et 6 vidéos.
La durée de la leçon est: 60 min
Éléments de cette leçon
Chapter 1:
1.1. What is globalisation?
Learning goals:
1. Describe what globalisation is and recognise everyday examples
2. Explain how globalisation has developed historically.
In what way is your daily life influenced by globalisation?
What are positive effects of globalisation?
What are negative effects of globalisation?
Slide 1 - Diapositive
Slide 2 - Vidéo
Globalisation =
the process by which the world is becoming increasingly interconnected.
Interconnectedness: a connection that links one party to a broader network of connections
Types of globalisation:
Economical
Political
Cultural
Think about an example of every type of globalisation
Slide 3 - Diapositive
Give an example of globalisation
Slide 4 - Question ouverte
So globalisation is about connections between people / countries / products.
It started with the Age of Discovery
Why?
After the Industrial Revolution the globalisation was triggered; people moved to cities (=urbanisation), factories started and communication made it possible.
Slide 5 - Diapositive
1.2. How globalisation was made possible
Learning goals:
Describe what is meant by the term ‘shrinking world’
Explain which three main developments made globalisation possible
Describe the importance of the port of Rotterdam
Globalisation was made possible by new transportation and communication technology.
Because of these new technologies the relative distances in the world became smaller, in geography we call this time-space convergence
Slide 6 - Diapositive
Today the majority of the goods (excluding liquids and gasses) are transported by containers.
Why did containers made it easier to transport goods?
The port of Rotterdam is the largest port of Europe (for 20 years ago it was even the largest of the world) and this mainport is well known for its intermodal transportation.
Slide 7 - Diapositive
What other reasons explain the success of Rotterdam?
Slide 8 - Question ouverte
Slide 9 - Vidéo
Slide 10 - Vidéo
Within the EU we don't have trade barriers (e.g. import duties) since the Schengen Treaty was effected in 1995.
Free trade boosts the globalisation of economies worldwide.
Slide 11 - Diapositive
Slide 12 - Vidéo
1.3. International division of labour
Learning goals:
Describe the different stages of a supply chain of a transnational corporation
Explain what sort of country usually is responsible for each part of the supply chain
Describe how offshoring of services works in LEDCs en MEDCs
World economies are dominated by large companies who have branches in more than one country, examples of these transnational corporations or TNC's are Philips, Unilever, ING and Shell.
Slide 13 - Diapositive
Supply chain
The production of goods can be split up in different steps:
- R&D (research and development)
- Manufacturing
- Distribution and sales
TNC's often choose to do some parts of the manufacturing process in other parts of the world e.g. Asia
Slide 14 - Diapositive
Why do some TNC's choose to do the manufacturing in Asia?
Slide 15 - Question ouverte
Different types of goods
Next to the supply chain we can also divide goods in different types:
- Raw materials: agricultural, mining, forestry or fishing.
- Intermediate goods: raw materials changed into a product usable for production.
- Final goods: products used by consumers
Slide 16 - Diapositive
Which of these goods are the cheapest?
A
Raw materials
B
Intermediate goods
C
Final goods
Slide 17 - Quiz
Globalised supply chains
Revenue - costs = profit
TNC's want to maximize the profit, they can do this by lowering the costs or higher the revenue.
Why is it easier for TNC's to lower to costs instead of higher the revenues?
Slide 18 - Diapositive
Type of industries
People can work in different industries:
- Primary or agriculture: take raw materials from nature
- Secondary or industry: change raw materials in intermediate or final goods.
- Tertiary or services: offer services to the other and the own industry
Slide 19 - Diapositive
International divison of labour
Different types of countries focus on different parts of production, this is called the international division of labour.
- LEDC's: focus on raw materials; most people work in agriculture.
- NIC's: manufacture products often assemblage. They also have a large sale market.
- MEDC's: headquarters of TNC's and R&D
Slide 20 - Diapositive
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Slide 21 - Lien
1.4. Case study: the supply chain of Nike footwear
Learning goals:
Describe whether stage of a supply chain are knowledge, capital or labour intensive
Explain why different stages of Nike’s supply chain can be found in different countries
Supply Chain
- R&D (research and development)
- Manufacturing
- Distribution and sales
Slide 22 - Diapositive
Intensive
If products require a lot of skills, money, labour or machines we call them intensive.
- Knowledge intensive
- Capital intensive
- Labour intensive
Slide 23 - Diapositive
What part of the supply chain is most knowledge intensive?
A
R&D
B
Manufacturing
C
Distribution and sales
Slide 24 - Quiz
What part of the supply chain is most labour intensive?
A
R&D
B
Manufacturing
C
Distribution and sales
Slide 25 - Quiz
Outsourcing
TNC's sometimes decide to leave parts of the production to other companies or manufactories, this is called outsourcing E.g. Foxconn manufactures iPhones for Apple.
Why? It makes TNC's more flexible and they can choose the cheapest supplier.
Slide 26 - Diapositive
1.5. Winners and losers of globalisation
Learning goals:
Describe the main economic, environmental and cultural impacts of globalisation
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of globalisation O
Describe the influence of the ILO and the UN on globalisation
Make a list with positive and negative effects of globalisation.
Slide 27 - Diapositive
What are positive effects of globalisation?
Slide 28 - Carte mentale
What are negative effects of globalisation?
Slide 29 - Carte mentale
Slide 30 - Vidéo
1.6. Flying geese model
Learning goals:
Describe the offshoring pattern TNCs demonstrate, according to the flying geese model
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of this offshoring pattern
The flying geese model gives an impression on the different stages of offshoring in SE-Asia.