Cette leçon contient 31 diapositives, avec quiz interactif, diapositives de texte et 1 vidéo.
Éléments de cette leçon
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Global brands
Slide 7 - Carte mentale
Globalisation
The process by which the world is becoming increasingly interconnected.
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Early globalisation
Age of discovery - the period in which overseas exploration started to grow in popularity amongst European countries.
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Radical change: the industrial revolution
Change in which manual labour was replaced by machines.
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Global culture?
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A shrinking world?
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Three factors for globalisation:
1. Transportation technology:
all tools and machines that are used in the movement of people and goods
containerisation: standardised transport
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Slide 17 - Vidéo
2. Information and communication technology (ICT)
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3. Free trade
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International division of labour
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Transnational corporations
A transnational corporation (TNC) or multinational is a company with branches in more than one country.
TNCs increase globalisation by linking together countries through the sales of goods on the one hand and through the production of goods on the other.
This network of economic activities that covers all the steps to produce finished goods is called the supply chain.
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www.bilaterals.org
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Supply chain
The production of goods can be split up in different steps:
- R&D (research and development)
- Manufacturing
- Distribution and sales
TNC's often choose to do some parts of the manufacturing process in other parts of the world e.g. Asia
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Stages of the supply chain
The supply chains of most goods will go through three different stages:
Raw materials.
Intermediate goods.
Final goods: these are goods that are directly used by consumers. Most final goods have been manufactured, which means they have been processed in a way. Examples are: sneakers, jeans, T-shirts, smartphones, notebooks, cars and so on.
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Labour costs
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Profit
Revenue - costs
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Offshoring = The relocation of parts of the supply chain from one country to another.
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International division of labour
- LEDCs: these countries usually deliver most of the raw materials
- NICs:Assemblage. These countries often cover most of the manufacturing process (the factory work). Potential sales market
- MEDCs: the headquarters of TNCs, where the R&D, marketing and sales of the products is controlled.
