4.1 From city to world empire

• Geschiedenis
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 1

Time of the Romans

What do you know about the Romans?

4.1 From city to world empire

Success criteria

You can explain:

• How Rome was governed first
• How Rome started to conquer areas
• How Rome became a world empire and how the empire was governed
• How civil wars led to the imperial period
• How emporers brought peace to the empire

Assignment for the digital students:

Read 4.1 - From city to world empire

and answer the learning goals

The Story of Romulus and Remus and the Origin of Rome

Which map is the map of the Roman Empire?

From kingdom to republic

• Rome was a city-state with a cruel king (monarchy) until 509 B.C.
  
• The king was driven away and Rome became a republic, a state without a monarch
• The republic was ruled by the nobility
• They took decisions in the senate, an assembly of 300 senators (and two consuls)

Explain how the Roman
republic was governed.

Roman conquest

• With their strong army, Rome subdued other city-states
  
• The residents were often allowed to continue to govern themselves
• They had to pay taxes and supply soldiers to Rome
• With this, the Romans could make their army even stronger

Advantages of the military:

- soldiers like to show their bravery and thought it was an honour to die for their homeland

- soldiers got a part of the loot in case of victory

Put the areas and their maps in the right place (page 69 and 70)

1st

2nd

3rd

4th

Map

Map

Map

Map

Rome

Italy

Spain and Greece

Africa and France

Video

The Roman army

0

Roman provinces

Through the conquests Rome became huge

It was divided into provinces for better governance.

In each province a governor was in charge with 4 tasks:

Taxing the population

1

He was the judge

2

Commanding the army in the province

3

Ensuring order and safety together with civil servants

4

What is a republic?

What was the Senate?

Success criteria

You can explain:

• How civil wars led to the impirial period
• How emperors brought peace to the empire

Civil wars

• Army leaders became more and more powerful because the soldiers were loyal to them
• Some went against the senate, this led to war
• Such a war within a state is a civil war

Julius Caesar

• One of these army leaders was Julius Caesar
  
• He had conquered France, Belgium and the southern Netherlands
  
• He became dictator (tyrant) in 44 BC but was assassinated by enemies in the Senate

Video

The Rubicon

0

What is a civil war?

Why were the soldiers loyal to
Caesar and not to the senate?

Video

The murder of Caesar

0

What is a republic?

What was the Senate?

What is a civil war?

Why were the soldiers loyal to
Caesar and not to the senate?

Emperor Augustus

• After Caesar's death there was another civil war
  
• This was won by Octavian, Caesar's second cousin
  
• He was given the title of Augustusus (the Exalted)
  
• He put an end to the republic and became the first emperor in 27 BC.

He was like a god above the people, he was exalted

Rome was nu een keizerrijk. De keizer had alle macht en was een soort van koning.

Pax Romana

• Means: Roman Peace
  
• Roman emperors expanded the empire
  
• The empire had natural borders that were guarded by legions
  
• So there was 200 years of peace within the empire

Why was Julius Caesar killed?

1. He was a bad emperor
2. He became too powerful
3. He had insulted the emperor
4. He had lost a battle

What is the correct order about the governance of the Roman Empire?

1. kingdom-republic-empire
2. republic-empire-kingdom
3. empire-kingdom-republic
4. kingdom-empire-republic

Julius Caesar was the first emperor of the Roman Empire

1. True
2. False

What does the title 'Augustus' mean?

1. The Exalted
2. Dictator for life
3. Emperor of the Roman Empire
4. Saviour of the Republic