review lesson CH.5&6

• Biologie
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 2

REVIEW LESSON

FINAL TEST WEEK

KERBOODLE CHAPTERS 5 & 6

TEST 

• 50% MULTIPLE CHOICE
• 50% OPEN QUESTIONS

• 10 MINUTE GLOSSARY IS OPTIONAL

CHECKLIST IN MAGISTER

respiration

ventilation

gas exchange

the heart

bloodvessels

blood

RESPIRATION

- function

- types

- chemical formula

- how does it work in the body

- warmblooded vs coldblooded

- red-& white muscle tissue

What is respiration?

• The release of energy in cell, this happens in the mitochondria.

K.P. 62

What do we need it for?

• working your muscles
• transporting chemicals
• absorbing food (active transport)
• sending messages along nerves
• buidling cells for growth
• controling your body temprature

K.P. 63

Types of respiration:

• aerobic respiration
• anaerobic respiration

K.P. 73-74

warmblooded vs coldblooded:

remember from last year?

VENTILATION

- types

- steps

- organs of the respiratory system

K.P.68

Put the organs in the correct order

Air enters the body

Gas exchange

Nasal cavity

Alveoli

Pharynx

Larynx

Bronchi

Bronchioles

Trachea

Thoracic inhalation:

air is sucked into the lungs

intercostal muscles contract

ribs pull the plearul membrane open

the plearul membrane pulls open the lungs

ribs move up

Thoracic exhalation:

air is pushed out of the lungs

intercostal muscles relax

ribs push the plearul membrane closed

the plearul membrane pushes the lungs closed

ribs move down

Abdominal inhalation:

air is sucked into the lungs

abdominal muscles contract

the diaphragm moves down

the plearul membrane pulls open the lungs

the diaphragm pulls the pleural membrane open

Abdominal exhalation:

air is pushed out of the lungs

abdominal muscles relax

the diaphragm  pushes the pleural membrane closed

the pleural membrane pushes the lungs closed

the diaphragm moves up

GAS EXCHANGE

- alveoli

- how does gas exchange happen

- where does it happen

- respiratory diseases

moisture the alveolus

High oxygen concentration.

High carbon dioxide concentration.

one cell layer thick

cappilaries around the alveoli

oxygen goes into the red blood cells

oCarbon dioxide goes into the air

Red blood cell transport gasses

DISEASES:

• ASTHMA
• BRONCHITES
• EMPHYSEMA
• LUNG CANCER
• DAMAGE FROM SMOKING/DRUGS

THE HEART

- parts & functions

- how does it work?

one way valve

As you can see, a valve only opens in one direction

Aorta

pulmonary artery

pulmonary vein

vena cava

right atrium

right ventricle

left atrium

left ventricle

tricuspid valve

aortic  valve

mitral valve

pulmonary valve

septum

apex

BLOODVESSELS

- different types

- various bloodvessels in the body

What route does paracetamol take before it reaches the brain?

Blood vessels types

• Arteries - carry blood away from the heart
• Veins - Carry blood back to the heart
• Capillaries - go to every cell in the body (oxygen and co2 exchange)

	Wall	Pressure	Speed	Valves
Artery
Vein
Capillary

One cell thick

thick, elastic

thin

high

high

low

low

high to low

high to low

yes

no

no

BLOOD

- compostion

- parts and functions

Red blood cells

Main function: Carry oxygen

Red pigment: Haemoglobin, allows them to carry oxygen

Don't have a nucleus (more space!)

White blood cells

Function: Destroy pathogens

Pus: Dead WBC and the bacteria they killed

Do have a nucleus, don't have a fixed shape

Can squeeze through openings

Platelets

Not cells! Fragments of cells that have broken up

Important in clotting