YR2-CH5&6-LSN3-SHB

• Biologie / Verzorging
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 2

TODAY- LESSON 2:

recap: respiration, blood, arteries and veins

new: heart and lungs

Today:

Heart:

• Parts: atria, ventricles, valves
• Beat: diastole, systole
• Pressure: diastolic, systolic, healthy, high, low

Last weeks:

respiration -> aerobic and anaerobic

warm and cold blooded

blood -> red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets

arteries ->blood containing tubes from the heart

veins -> blood containing tubes to the heart

Aerobic respiration

Anaerobic 

respiration

with oxygen

without oxygen

less energy

more energy

gives carbon dioxide 

results in lactic acid

mitochondria

cytoplasm

all of glucose used

glucose not completely used

The dinosaurs were supposed to be:

1. warm blooded because their longs were big.
2. cold blooded because their skin was thick.
3. cold blooded because they had small brain.
4. warm blooded because their bones had many blood vessels.

warmblooded vs 

coldblooded:

Red blood cells don't:

1. transport oxygen
2. transport glucose
3. transport carbon dioxide
4. transport haemoglobin

Red blood cells

contain: 

• haemoglobin 
  

transport of:

• oxygen (oxyhaemoglobin)
• carbondioxide (haemoglobin)

White blood cells don't:

1. produce antibodies
2. belong to the immune system
3. eat pathogens
4. transport oxygen

White blood cells

several types of white blood cells:

• lymphocytes       

       make antibodies

       help to get immune

• phagocytes  

       are cell eaters 

White blood cells

several types of white blood cells:

• lymphocytes       

       make antibodies

       help to get immune

• phagocytes  

       are cell eaters 

Platelets help to clot blood by

1. changing fibrinogen to fibrin fibers.
2. producing antibodies.
3. transport of glucose.
4. transporting oxygen.

Platelets

small fragments of cells

help to clot blood

• changes fibrinogen to fibrin

                                                             ->

Blood clotting is used when your are bleeding

What is not a characteristic of most of the veins?

1. Transport of oxygen rich blood.
2. Think walls with a low blood pressure inside
3. Transport of carbon dioxide rich blood.
4. Carries blood away from the heart.

What is not a characteristic of most arteries?

1. The smallest blood vessels.
2. Transport of oxygen.
3. Though flexible thick walls with high blood pressure.
4. Carries blood away from the heart.

Where is your blood?

blood with oxygen

blood with carbon dioxide

respiration

Circulatory system... study for 5 min...

1. Carotid vein
   
2. Pulmonary artery
   
3.  Superior vena cava
   
4. Inferior vena cava
   
5. Hepatic vein
   
6. Hepatic portal vein
   
7. Renal vein
   

8. Femoral vein
9. Carotid artery
10. Pulmonary vein
11. Aorta
12. Mesenteric artery
13. Renal artery
14. Femoral artery

6,5,4,2,10,9

Carotid vein

Pulmonary artery

Superior vena cava

Inferior vena cava

Hepatic vein

Hepatic portal vein

Renal vein

Femoral vein

Carotioid artery

Femoral artery

Pulmonary vein

Aorta

Mesenteric artery

Renal artery

Heart

double pump

upper chambers: atria

lower chambers: ventricles

valves prevents blood to flow back

Heart beat

diastole 

• heart muscles is relaxed
  

systole 

• contraction = pumping 
  
• makes the blood pressure

Aorta

pulmonary artery

pulmonary vein

vena cava

right atrium

right ventricle

left atrium

left ventricle

tricuspid valve

aortic  valve

mitral valve

pulmonary valve

septum

apex

How blood pressure works:

diastolic blood pressure 

systolic blood pressure

healthy blood pressure

risks of high blood pressure

risks of low blood pressure

01:03

What is the difference between

01:21

What is a healthy blood pressure?

1. 90/120
2. 60/80
3. 140/220
4. 120/80

02:24

sWhat are causes of hypertension?
(high blood pressure)

Salty diet

stress (hormones) 

thickness of the blood

03:22

Hypertension can not lead to:

1. atherosclerosis (plaques).
2. obesitas.
3. a stroke.
4. a heart attack.

Lungs

K.P.68

Respiratory system

1. nose
2. mouth
3. larynx
4. lung
5. bronchi
6. diaphragm
7. pharynx
8. trachea
9. bronchi
10. bronchiole
11. alveoli

Lungs short movie:

First put your hands on your ribs.

Feel your breathing activity.

Is it thoracic or abdominal? 

Lungs short movie:

First put your hands on your ribs.

Feel your breathing activity.

Movie:

Look at the order of activities

that will lead to inhalation and

exhalation. 

Thoracic inhalation:

air is sucked into the lungs

intercostal muscles contract

ribs pull the plearul membrane open

the plearul membrane pulls open the lungs

ribs move up

Thoracic inhalation:

1. intercostal muscles contract
2. ribs move up
3. ribs pull the pleural membrane open
4. pleural membrane pulls open the lungs
5. air is sucked into the lungs

Thoracic exhalation:

air is pushed out of the lungs

intercostal muscles relax

ribs push the plearul membrane closed

the plearul membrane pushes the lungs closed

ribs move down

Thoracic exhalation:

1. intercostal muscles relax
2. ribs move down
3. ribs push the pleural membrane closed
4. pleural membrane pushes closed the lungs
5. air is pushed out of the lungs

Abdominal inhalation:

air is sucked into the lungs

abdominal muscles contract

the diaphragm moves down

the plearul membrane pulls open the lungs

the diaphragm pulls the pleural membrane open

Abdominal inhalation:

1. abdominal muscles contract
2. the diaphragm moves down
3. the diaphragm pulls the pleural membrane open
4. pleural membrane pulls open the lungs
5. air is sucked into the lungs

Abdominal exhalation:

air is pushed out of the lungs

abdominal muscles relax

the diaphragm  pushes the pleural membrane closed

the pleural membrane pushes the lungs closed

the diaphragm moves up

Abdominal exhalation:

1. abdominal muscles relax
2. the diaphragm moves up
3. the diaphragm pushes the pleural membrane closed
4. pleural membrane pushes closed the lungs
5. air is pushed out of the lungs

MAMMALS:

• lungs (alveolar wall)
• mucus
• air
• carried in the blood through the bloodvessels.
• the lungs are made up of millions of tiny airsacs (alveoli)

AMOEBA:

• cell membrane
• they live in water
• water
• through diffusion
• folds in the cell membrane

WORMS:

• the skin
• the cover the skin with mucus
• air (mostly)
• through bloodvessels
• through ridges in the skin

FISH:

• in gills
• with water
• water
• through bloodvessels
• many gills overlapping on gill ridges

INSECT:

• spiracles
• water
• air
• through tubes called spiracles on the side of the body
• the tubes go far into the body.

Dolphins

• have lungs
• via blowhole
• are mammals 
  
• oral cavity separated from the respiratory system

Homework for lesson 4

worksheets: heart and lungs

work on your mindmap

study for the test

finish your summary