HAVO 5: Auxiliaries

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• havo, vwo
• Leerjaar 4,5

Auxiliaries

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What are auxiliaries?

1. Koppelwerkwoorden: to be, to grow, to turn, to appear, to feel
2. Werkwoorden: to see, to listen, to know, to write, to go.
3. Hulpwerkwoorden: must can, could, may, ought to, might, shall, have to, should, will, would etcetera
4. Zelfstandige naamwoorden: table, computer, school

Auxiliaries

- can/could/be able to

- be allowed/may/might

- must/have to/should

= want/make/would like/mind/willing

Nothing. This ... be nothing to a love like what
we got.

1. should
2. must
3. has to
4. have to

But sorry paps you'll just ... wait

bruno mars

1. should
2. must
3. has to
4. have to

If you like it then you ... ... put a ring on it.

beyonce

1. must have
2. should have
3. mustn't have
4. shouldn't have

... have known better than to cheat a friend

1. could
2. shouldn't
3. should
4. couldn't

Auxiliaries

Auxiliaries zijn hulpwerkwoorden. Hulpwerkwoorden kunnen het volgende uitdrukken:

- een verplichting

- een noodzaak

- iets willen 

- toestemming 

- iets kunnen

Can/could/be able to

- in staat zijn: I can help her/I am able to help her

- mogelijk zijn (can/could): It can be cold there

- Verleden tijd: iets was mogelijk in het verleden, maar het is niet gebeurd: I could have known

Be allowed/may/might

mogen/misschien kunnen

- be allowed: geeft aan dat je toestemming hebt: We were allowed to go hitch-hiking

- May en might kunnen toestemming aangeven (formeel): May we look 

   around? Might we leave our bags for a moment.

- May en might kunnen ook een mogelijkheid aangeven. Bij might is er grotere  twijfel dan bij may

- iets was mogelijk geweest in het verleden, maar het is niet gebeurd: You might have fallen

will / shall / would

Will = zal (iets dat in de toekomst gaat gebeuren)
Shall = zal (bij hulp aanbieden/iets voorstellen)
Would = zou willen / zouden / verleden tijd van will
(beleefde vragen & als iets zou gebeuren)

"I will come to your party"  & "Shall I help you out?"
& "I would like to help."

Must:

- Gebruik je alleen in tegenwoordige tijd en toekomst

- verleden tijd = had to

- verbod (you must not overtake there) 

- logische gevolgtrekking: he must have forgotten

- Iets wat je jezelf verplicht: I really must read that book tonight

Have to / Had to

- betekent: moeten. Iets minder sterk dan must, gebruik je vaak als je een opdracht krijgt van 

  bijvoorbeeld een docent of een ouder: I had to help with the dishes, my parents think I have to 

  help her with her homework.

- niet hoeven = don't have to

Should/ought to/must/have to

Should/ought to= zou (eigenlijk) moeten, vooral bij advies/afraden
Must = moeten (als je zelf vindt dat iets moet)
Have to = moeten (als iemand anders vindt dat iets moet)

"I must finish this book this afternoon."
"You have to be on time tomorrow." 
"You should really pay more attention in class."

need / don't need to / needn't

Noodzakelijk

Zeggen dat iets nodig is: need to / don't need to 

You need to sign the form before sending it in.

Zeggen dat iets niet nodig was geweest:

I didn't need to help him after all.

Zeggen dat je iets niet nodig was geweest nadat je het al hebt gedaan:: needn't have + past participle

I needn't have bothered. 

(don't) have to - verplichting You don't have to come tonight if you don't want to

need to / needn't- (niet) nodig You needn't come tonight, she doesn't want to see you

Want/make/would like/mind/willing

want: iets willen van iemand - opdracht of bevel:

I want you to write a letter

make: dwingen/opdracht/bevel

He made me eat green peas

Would like to: vriendelijk verzoek/graag willen

I would like you to come to my party

Mind: bereid zijn/best willen

I don't mind helping you

Be willing to: bereid zijn, willen

Are they willing to pay damages?

Let op:

Alle auxiliaries moet je kennen, ook alle vormen! Ze staan in je grammaticaboekje (zie toetsstof op Teams)

11. If you want to work in the USA, you ______ speak proper English

1. Should
2. Must
3. Have to

You look like you're ill. You ____ go to school today.

1. Shouldn't
2. Mustn't
3. Don't have to

____ you mind giving me a lift?

1. Will
2. Would
3. Shall
4. Should

Tomorrow is Sunday, so I _____ go to school!

1. Shouldn't
2. Mustn't
3. Don't have to

____ I open the door?

1. Will
2. Would
3. Shall
4. Should

I ___ remember to feed the dog.

1. Should
2. Must
3. Have to

Mum says that I ____ (to go) out by myself next year. But this year they won't let me.

1. can go
2. could go
3. will be able to go
4. will be allowed to go

Entrance to the museum was free. We ..... pay to get in.

1. needn't
2. didn't need to
3. needn't have

Person A: I can't find my parents.
Person B: They ___________ (to be) at home.

1. can be
2. are able to be
3. could be
4. will be allowed to be

I ____ like a cup of coffee, please.

1. Will
2. Would
3. Should

I ___ probably spend the holiday with my family.

1. Will
2. Would
3. Should

We ___________ (to talk) during the test. If you talk, you have to hand in your test.

1. cannot talk
2. are not able to talk
3. could not talk
4. are not allowed to talk

I ___ run a lot faster than my brother.

1. Can
2. May
3. Might

Schools in Australia are going to ban laptops next month. Students _________ (not - to use) them anymore. (alles voluit schrijven)