Auxiliaries

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• vwo
• Leerjaar 5

Auxiliaries

What does 'auxiliary' mean? Can you give any examples of auxiliaries?

Can/could/be able to

Kunnen/in staat zijn

I can help her/I am able to help her

I could help her/I was able to help her

Andere tijden

I have/had been able to help her

I will be able to help her

Can/could

Mogelijk zijn

It can be cold there

It could rain this afternoon

Past: iets was mogelijk, maar is niet gebeurd

You could have phoned me

You could have known

What is the difference between forming a question with 'can' or with 'may'?

What is the difference between 'may' and 'might'? E.g. 'He may/might come by later'?

Be allowed/may/might

Mogen/misschien kunnen

Be allowed: toestemming hebben (kan in alle tijden)

I'm allowed to buy a bike

We were allowed to go hitchhiking

I had been allowed to borrow dad's car

Be allowed/may/might

May/might kunnen toestemming geven (formeel)

May I look around?

Might we leave our bags here?

Be allowed/may/might

May/might kunnen mogelijkheid aangeven. Bij might is er grotere twijfel dan bij may

What he says may be true

He might be at home

Past: iets was mogelijk maar is niet gebeurd

You might have fallen

Must/have (got) to/should

Noodzaak/bevel

Must kan alleen in de tegenwoordige tijd gebruikt worden, have to in alle

I must help her/I have to help her

I had to help her

I will have to help her etc.

Must/have (got) to/should

Let op: niet mogen = must not (een verbod)

You must not overtake here

Let op: niet hoeven = don't have to/needn't

You don't have to give me a reason if you don't want to

You needn't tell her. She already knows.

Must

Logische gevolgtrekking

You must be very ill

He must have forgotten

Should

Eigenlijk moeten:

You should worry less

Iets had moeten gebeuren, maar is niet gebeurd:

I should have written sooner

Let's practice

Fill in the correct auxiliary in each of the sentences

Remember to use the correct tense

You have been driving non-stop for hours. You ____ be very tired.

That was a bad place to go hiking. You ____ broken your back.

You ____ gone to the doctor with that wound. Now it's infected.

You ____ leave now.

You _____ not go through that door. It's not allowed.

Genitive s

Als de s bezit aangeeft maak je hem als volgt:
Bij personen: ‘s                                the boy’s bike
Bij personen (meervoud): ‘         the boys’ bikes
Bij zaken: of                                       the brakes of the bike

Ander gebruik van s

‘s bij namen: als het eindigt op s voeg je vaak ‘s toe, bij namen uit de klassieke oudheid ‘

• James’s girlfriend

• Socrates’ ideas

‘s/s’ bij tijd en afstand

• An hour’s walk from here

• A three hours’ drive

Ander gebruik van s

‘s bij plaats (je noemt niet de naam van het gebouw)

• Then I went to my friend’s

• I saw him at the baker’s

Ander gebruik van of

Bij hoeveelheden

• A cup of coffee

• A pound of apples

Bij aardrijkskundige namen

• The province of Groningen

• The city of Maastricht

Please do ...

Exercise 16

Exercise 21