2HVT 2.1 The rise of humanism

• Geschiedenis
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 2

2.1 The rise humanism

Raising questions

Renaissance

Culturally: what was a very important rediscovery?

Humanism

Bricks p. 34

"Humanism is a philosophical point of view that says human beings should have control over their lives. Humanists think that critical thinking and looking at nature and human reason are more important than the views and ideas given by religions."

To which worldview can you relate this philosophy?

Which other keywords can you relate to humanism?

Carpe 

diem

Humanism

antiquity 

classical thinking

leonardo da vinci

huomo universalis

education/ give meaning to your own life

crusades

(greek) sources

Maybe the students know some names? Erasmus, Petrarcha, Thomas More

Which other keywords can you relate to humanism?

Carpe 

diem

Antiquity

Leonardo da Vinci

Huomo Universalis

Crusades

Greek sources

classical thinking

Erasmus

Humanism

antiquity 

classical thinking

leonardo da vinci

huomo universalis

education/ give meaning to your own life

crusades

(greek) sources

Maybe the students know some names? Erasmus, Petrarch, Thomas More

Classical learning

• A person can be educated.
• A person should depend on reason (instead of belief).
• Nature and supernatural should be studied separately.
• Humans give meaning to their own life (not gods or other forces).

Humanism

and

Critical thinking

Huomo universalis

New scientific interest

Trying to explain the world rationally (instead of through belief)

Old sources

• In the East sources were found and brought to Italy, and later on, futher North.
• Many of the sources were in Greek and had to be translated into Latin again. 
• Why Latin?

Petrarch

• Lived: 1304-1374 (France)
• 'Father of humanism'
• Biggest collection of Greek   and Roman texts in Europe
• Translating Bible texts as a   way to honour god. 

From the texts Petrarch concluded that the way monks chose to live, wasn't leading you to a better or closer relation to god. 

He believed that using your intelligence, curiosity and creativity was what god wanted.

He touched upon 'mistakes' the church had made, but didn't see that as a problem.

Thomas More

• Lived: 1478 - 1535 
• Lawyer, catholic, writer of Utopia (the perfect society)
• > God gave human talents and they had to use these for god. 

1504: member of Parliament

1521: knighted and named under-treasurer.

1529: Lord Chancellor

The lord chancellor is a member of the Cabinet and is, by law, responsible for the efficient functioning and independence of the courts.

1532: resigning as Chancellor because king Henry VIII wanted to divorce his wife and marry Anne Boleyn. 

1534: Henry founds the Anglican Church with the Act of Supremacy.

1535: More is excuted by beheading.

Erasmus

• Lived: 1466 - 1536
• Catholic priest 
• Translated the new testament from Greek to Latin
• > Criticism on certain practises in the church

Goed bevriend met Thomas More. Woonde o.a. in Rotterdam

Read page 36 the third part about Erasmus. What was his criticism?

Did Thomas More and Erasmus want to leave the church?

Homework

Read 2.1 and make questions: 

Introduction questions 1 untill 3 + 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 10 and 11.