4H extra grammar U2

• Engels
• Middelbare school
• havo
• Leerjaar 4

1. pres simple or pres continuous?

A Present simple

a. spelling

affirmative: ow = I, you, they, we of >persoon/dier/ding : ww

                          ow = he, she, it or 1 persoon/dier/ding: ww+s

negative: ow = I, you, they, we of >persoon/dier/ding :don't + ww

                          ow = he, she, it or 1 persoon/dier/ding: doesn't + ww

1.  present simple or present continuous?

A Present simple

a. spelling

affirmative: ow = I, you, they, we of >persoon/dier/ding : ww

                       ow = he, she, it or 1 persoon/dier/ding: ww+s

negative: ow = I, you, they, we of >persoon/dier/ding :don't + ww

                          ow = he, she, it or 1 persoon/dier/ding: doesn't + ww

questions: ow = I, you, they, we of >persoon/dier/ding :

                     Do + ow + ww + rest?

                     ow = he, she, it or 1 persoon/dier/ding: 

                     Does + ow + ww + rest?

b. use

- gewoontes, routines, dingen die je regelmatig doet

- algemene feiten

- ww die gevoelens/gedachtes zijn

c. hints

usually, normally, often, always, never, every, on (Mondays)

B present continuous

a. spelling

affirmative: am/are/is  + ww+ing

negative: am not / aren't / isn't + ww+ ing

questions: Am/are/is + ow + ww+ing+ rest?

b. use

Actions going RIGHT NOW

c. hints

now, currently, at the moment, always

(bij ergernis)

Fill in the correct tense.
I .... (not take) my coat because it's cold.

She (not like) the teachers.

She ... (always ask) questions about my boyfriend. It's really annoying!

(the girls - go to school - every day?)

2. past simple

2. past simple

a. spelling

affirmative: ww+ed or irregular  / to be: was/were

negative: didn't + infinitive   / to be: wasn't / weren't

questions: Did + ow + infinitive + rest?  / to be: 

                     Was/were + ow + rest?

b. use

actions in the past, completely over and done

c. hints

yesterday, last, in (2005), ago

Change the sentence into a question.

The man talked to the girl.

Change the sentence into a question.
I was at home.

What is the past simple of
catch?

What is the past simple of
lie (liggen)?

3. Past continuous or past simple?

A past continuous

a. spelling

Affirmative: was/were + ww+ing

Negative: wasn't/weren't + ww+ing

Question: Was/were + ow + ww+ing + rest?

b. use

- actie in het verleden die een tijdje bezig was 

- actie in het verleden (lange actie) die onderbroken werd door een andere actie (korte actie)

c. hints

while, when-zinnen > lange actie

Attention!

1. Pa cont – pa simple: ‘when/while’- zinnen 

Combinatie past continuous – past simple: 1 long action, 1 short action:

  - long action: past continuous (= was/were + verb+ing)

  - short action: past simple

 Example: When the buss arrived, we were running towards it

2. 2x past continuous in een zin: ‘while’-zinnen: 2 long actions

 Example: I was taking a bath while he was reading a book.

Choose the correct answer:
I (come) across the bus stop when I (drive) to school.

1. was coming - drove
2. came - was driving
3. came - drove

While he (watch) a movie I (do) homework.

1. watched - did
2. was watching - did
3. watched - was doing
4. was watching - was doing

I ... (see) him when I ... (walk) home from school.

4. present perfect (voltooid deelwoord)

a. spelling

affirmative:  has/have + past participle (=ww+ed/irregular (3de kolom)

negative: hasn't/haven't + past participle

question:  have/has + ow + past participle + rest?

b. use

= actie in het verleden MAAR nog nu nog steeds bezig/ belangrijk/zichtbaar

c. hints

yet, already, just, since, for, always (tot nu toe), (n)ever, how long, before

5. past simple or present perfect?

a. past simple

= action is completely over and done, je bent er niet meer mee bezig, is niet meer relevant/van toepassing vandaag

Example: I broke my leg when I was five.

b. present perfect

= de actie is nog steeds bezig of vandaag nog steeds van toepassing/relevant

Example: I have broken my leg. (When wearing a cast)

To do: 6+7 p 29-32

Fill in the correct tense:
I ... (sleep) all day. I feel much better now.

I see he ... (give) you a black eye.

I (not like) him as a child, but I think he is nice now.

6. Present perfect continuous (progressive)

a. spelling

affirmative: have/has been ww+ing

negative: haven't / hasn't been ww+ing

question: Have/has + ow + been ww+ing +rest?

b. use

als iets in het verleden begonnen is en nog steeds voortduurt en je wilt vooral de tijdsduur benadrukken (meestal wil je benadrukken dat iets lang geduurd heeft).

c. Example

We have been talking for 3 hours straight.

I have been looking for you for hours!

d. hints

In de zin staat meestal een indicatie die erop wijst dat iets lang geduurd heeft.

       'since 5 o' clock this morning'

       ' for 20 minutes'

       'How long....'

7. Present perfect or present perfect continuous?

Bekijk goed de zin. Willen ze hier benadrukken dat iets lang geduurd heeft/bezig is of veel gebeurd is?

          JA: present perfect continuous

          NEE: present perfect

Opgelet: let ook op je taalgevoel! Niet alle ww zijn nl. geschikt voor een present perfect continuous.

Fill in pres. perfect or pres. perf. cont.

I (read) your book all day. It is very interesting.

She (drink) 10 glasses of water in 2 hours!

8. Past perfect

1. spelling

had + past participle (= ww+ed of irregular)

2. use

De past perfect wordt gebruikt om aan te geven dat een gebeurtenis plaatsvond voor een andere gebeurtenis.

-> je hebt dus te maken met (min.) 2 gebeurtenissen in het verleden, de past perfect vond plaats VOOR de andere gebeurtenis.

       “I ran away after I had missed my dance lesson.”

Tijdlijn: missed dance lesson -> runs away -> NOW

9. Past simple or past perfect?

Think of the timeline: 

- what happened first? = past perfect

- what happened after that? = past simple

Fill in the past simple and past continuous.

When I got to the airport I (find) out I (forget) my passport.

The train (leave) when we (arrive) at the station.

10. The future

A present tenses used for the future

a. Present simple (ww of ww+s)

bij een dienstregeling, roosters, schema’s, aankomsttijden,vertrektijden, etc. 

Example: The train leaves tonight at 7pm.

b. Present continuous (am/are/is + verb+ing)

Afspraken die vaststaan in plaats en tijd

Example:  We are going on a date tonight.

B simple future and going to-future

a. Am/is/are going to + verb

1. spelling

affirmative: am/are/is going to + ww

negative: am not/aren't/ isn't going to + ww

question: Am/are/is + ow + going to + ww + rest?

2. use

- Iets wat je van plan bent in de toekomst, maar geen concrete afspraak

(staat niet vast wanneer)

Example:  I’m going to ask her out.

- Toekomstvoorspelling die gebaseerd is op 

signalen die je krijgt. (Komt waarschijnlijk dus wel uit.) 

Example: Look at the clouds! It is going to rain, we better take our umbrella with us.

b. Will/ won’t + verb

1. spelling

affirmative: will + ww

negative: will not/won't + ww

question: will/shall + ow + ww + rest?

Opgelet: Bij een vraag gebruik je in deze tijd shall i.p.v. will als het ow "I" of "we" is.

Example: You look parched. Shall I fetch you something to drink?

2. use

- Iets wat je ter plekke aanbiedt (niet gepland) / bestellingen op restaurant

Example: I'll help you out, no problem!  / I'll have the steak please.

- Belofte

Example: I’ll clean up my room.

- Besluit over de toekomst, soort van conclusie over wat er in de toekomst nu (niet) gaat gebeuren

Example: They will not come back after that terrible experience.

- Toekomstvoorspellingen die onzeker zijn.

 example: You will become very rich in the (probably, maybe…) future!

- Iets wat je denkt (‘I think / I believe…) dat gaat gebeuren in de toekomst.

Example: I think you will become very old.

Fill in a future tense:
I guess I (ask) her to come.

We (visit) our grandparents in Germany next weekend.

I (travel) to France somewhere next summer.

I (to do) the dishes if you like.

We promise we (clean) our room tomorrow.