Shaping landscapes 4.1: From endogenous to exogenous forces

• Aardrijkskunde
• Middelbare school
• vmbo lwoo, vwo
• Leerjaar 1

Shaping landscapes 4.1: 

From endogenous to exogenous forces

After studying this section, you will be able to:

• Describe which forces helped to shape places like Yellowstone National Park
• Explain the difference between weathering and erosion

Endogenous vs. exogenous forces

Last chapter year Ch3 about endogenous forces:

 - Volcanoes

- Earthquakes

- Fold mountains

This chapter: exogenous forces: forces from outside the earth's crust

1. Weathering: breaks rocks apart

2. Erosion: proces that wears the rock away and transports the smaller pieces

3. Sediment: the smaller pieces of rock

Weathering because of frost

Only in cold climates with the presence of water

Water is slowly dripping through cracks in the rock and freezes. 

Water expands when it freezes. Due to this power the rock breaks.

Weathering because of the sun

Where the sun is shining (mostly in deserts)

During the day it's hot and colder temperatures at night.

Rock shrinks and then expands. The layers of the rock peel away (exfoliates)

Weathering because of plants and trees

Chemical weathering

Climate is hot and wet (tropical!)

Rocks react with surrounding (water, O2, CO2)

Rock vocabulary

boulders - larger than 256mm

cobble - between 65 and 256 mm

pebbles - between 4 and 64 mm

granules - between 2 and 4 mm

sand - smaller than 2 mm

silt - use microscope

clay - use microscope

Which rock is an example of a sedimentary rock?

1. Basalt
2. Marble
3. Limestone
4. Granite