unit 4 Support and locomotion B4 Muscles (VWO/blauw)

unit 4 support and locomotion

B4 Muscles


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unit 4 support and locomotion

B4 Muscles


Slide 1 - Diapositive

Concepts  and Learning objectives B4
Concepts:  
muscle system, muscle sheath, tendons, muscle bundles, muscle fibres, attachment site, biceps, triceps, antagonistic pair, muscle fibres, transverse muscle tissue, smooth muscle tissue, cardiac muscle tissue, organ muscle

Learning objectives:
You can describe the functioning of muscles
You can name examples of Voluntarily and involuntary muscle movements

Slide 2 - Diapositive

What will we do?
  • Questions on B3
  • Unit 4 B4:
  •        - Muscular system
  •        - Tendons
  •        - Antagonistic pair
  •        - Other muscle movements
  • Time for homework
  • Concluding with Flashcards and Test Yourself

Slide 3 - Diapositive

At which joint is no movement possible
A
Fusion only
B
Fusion and sutures joint
C
Sutures and cartilage joints
D
Movement is possible at all joints

Slide 4 - Quiz

Radius and ulna together form a ...
A
saddle joint
B
pivot joint
C
ball-and-socket joint
D
hinge joint

Slide 5 - Quiz

Which joint is between the vertebrae?
A
fused joint
B
Sutures joint
C
Cartilage joint
D
Synovial joint

Slide 6 - Quiz

What connection is between the skull bones?
A
fused joint
B
Sutures joint
C
Cartilage joint
D
Synovial joint

Slide 7 - Quiz

Which joint is in the knee?
A
fused joint
B
Sutures joint
C
Cartilage joint
D
Synovial joint

Slide 8 - Quiz

What is the name of the bone you are sitting on?
(1 word)

Slide 9 - Question ouverte

Muscular system
  • Skeletal muscles: muscles attached to bones by tendons
  • Involuntary muscles in       intestines
  • Heart muscle
  • Muscles in skin

Slide 10 - Diapositive

Slide 11 - Vidéo

Structure of a muscle

  • Muscles consist of a large number of muscle fibres (muscle cells)
  • Muscle is surrounded by a muscle sheath
  • Muscle sheath ends in a tendon
  • Tendons connect muscles to bones
  • Muscle fibres are grouped together in a muscle bundle
  • There is a membrane/tissue around each muscle bundle

Slide 12 - Diapositive

muscle sheath
A layer of connective tissue.
Holds everything together and protects the tissue
muscle bundle
A number of muscle fibres together, around a bundle there is also a layer of connective tissue
muscle fibre
Contract to become shorter (and thicker). This creates movement.
tendon
At both ends of a muscle is a tendon.
Tendon is tough, poorly elastic tissue. This attaches the muscle to a bone

Slide 13 - Diapositive

Antagonistic pair
A muscle can only pull, not push!
Two muscles often work together to move a bone.
If muscle 1 pulls , muscle 2 relaxes
When muscle 2 pulls, muscle 1 relaxes
These muscles are each other's antagonists

Slide 14 - Diapositive

How do you bend and stretch your arm?
  • To bend and extend your arm, the arm flexor muscle and arm extensor muscle work together 
  • Arm bend: the arm flexor muscle shortens and thickens
  • Arm stretching: the arm flexor muscle relaxes and stretches

Slide 15 - Diapositive

Arm bending
  • Arm flexor muscle contraction: gets shorter and thicker

  • Tendons pull on your radius

  • Arm flexor muscle relaxes: becomes longer and thinner

Slide 16 - Diapositive

Arm stretching
  • Arm extensor muscle contraction: gets shorter and thicker

  • Tendons pull on your ulna

  • Arm flexor muscle relaxes: becomes longer and thinner

Slide 17 - Diapositive

Slide 18 - Vidéo

Muscle tissue
  • Muscles contain proteins that can slide together, making muscle shorter and thicker.
  •  These proteins are actin and myosin (together muscle fibres)
3 types of muscle tissue: 
  • Skeletal muscle tissue (see image)
  • Smooth muscle tissue
  • Cardiac muscle tissue

Slide 19 - Diapositive

Slide 20 - Diapositive

Other muscular movements
Skeletal muscular tissue
Muscle tissue in skeletal muscles.
Muscles that allow you to move consciously.
cardiac muscle tissue
Your heart, too, is a muscle. By contracting, the heart muscle pumps blood through the body. You also do this subconsciously...thankfully.
smooth muscle tissue
Muscles in organs. Examples: in the wall of oesophagus, stomach, intestines and around your blood vessels. These organ muscles move without you being aware of it.

Slide 21 - Diapositive

Muscle fibres
Transverse muscle tissue contains 2 types of muscle fibres:

Slow muscle fibres: 
- Take a slow time to contract and are therefore less powerful . 
- Muscles for posture contain many slow muscle fibres. 
- Use less energy and therefore tire less quickly

Fast Muscle Fibres: 
- Fast and powerful contraction
- Muscles for locomotion. 
- Use more energy -> faster through nutrients so tired quickly

Slide 22 - Diapositive

Spiervezels (VG)

Slide 23 - Diapositive

Slide 24 - Vidéo

Homework for the next lesson
homework

  •        Par 4.4  the joints
  •        Summary 
  •        Pif
  •        Exercises 1 up and until 9
  •       Test yourself
  •       Use also the flash cards 

Slide 25 - Diapositive

Check your learning objectives
  • You can describe the functioning of muscles
  • You can give examples of voluntary and involuntary muscle movements
- Do you know the terms? Practise the Flashcards 
- Check the learning objectives with Test Yourself
- Read the Summary B4 again and compare it with assignment

Slide 26 - Diapositive

Lever hier de foto's in van de samenvatting
(rood + wit opdracht 4)

Slide 27 - Question ouverte