1.4 The end of the Revolt

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The start of the Dutch Revolt

paragraph 1.3

Learning goals

• You can explain why William of Orange and the Sea Beggars were important for the start of the Dutch Revolt. 
• You can explain how the people of the Netheralnds rebelled against the Spanish. 
• You can explain how the Netherlands split into the Nothern and the Southern Netherlands 

Union of Utrecht

In 1579, the provinces that were against Philip
decided to form an alliance: the Union
of Utrecht.

They had a common army and decided
that Philip would no longer be their king. 

Consequences Union of Utrecht

• 1584: William of Orange was declared outlawed
• 1585: The fall of Antwerp: the most important city of the Low Countries was conquered by the Spanish Army.

The Netherlands now existed of the Northern (protestant) Netherlands and the Southern (catholic) Netherlands. 

Republic of the Seven United Netherlands

In the Northern Netherlands, the people were looking 
for a new king. 

However, they could not find one. 

So, a republic was founded: a state where the head of
state does not inherit his/her power

In 1588 the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands
was founded.

What is centralisation?

1. To govern from 1 place
2. That laws and rules apply everywhere
3. That the capital is centrally located in the country
4. A different word for a foreign king

What is NOT a cause for the Dutch Revolt?

1. Centralisation
2. Persecutions of protestants
3. The Estates-General
4. The inquisition of Alva

Who was William of Orange?

1. The stadholder of Holland, Zeeland and Utrecht
2. The stadholder for the Spanish king
3. The Governor of the Republic
4. The Governor for the Spanish king

What religion was dominant in the Netherlands?

1. Calvinism
2. Lutheranism
3. Catholicism
4. Christian-Orthodoxy

The arrival of the Duke of Alva is a result of the Iconoclastic Fury

1. True
2. False

Explain the following:
With the appointment of the Duke of Alva, Philip achieved a different result than he expected in the Low Countries.

Explain why the nobility in the Netherlands feel more and more resistance against Philip II.

What does the word ‘paap’ mean?

What event do we see as start of the Dutch Revolt?

1. The siege of Den Briel
2. The Iconoclastic Fury
3. The arrival of the Duke of Alva
4. The appointment of Margaret of Parma

Why does Philip II send the Duke of Parma to the Low Countries?

The word ‘geuzen’ is derived from a French word. What does that word mean, in English?

Write down two words you have learned during this lesson.

The end of the revolt

paragraph 1.4

The Republic: political

• It was very uncommon and special that a country had become a   republic. Every country in Europe was monarchy during the 17th   century. 
• Each province had their own rules and laws. 
• The States-General would meet for issues 
    regarding the whole country 

The Republic: cultural

There was freedom of conscience in the Republic

The preferred religion in the Republic was calvinism.

• You could only work at the government if you were a calvinist. 
• There were no catholic churches. 

clandestine church (=schuilkerk)
a place where catholics had services

The Revolt

The Republic was winning battles against the
Spanish army. 

Causes:

1. Trade went very well
2. Spain was in a lot of other wars. 
3. The Republic was supported by England and France. 
4. Maurice of Orange, the army commander, had trained the army very well. 

The Revolt

Around 1600 the conflict seemed to be hopelessfor both sides. 

Because of this, an armistice was signed
from 1609-1621.

Eventually, a peace treaty was signed in
1648 at the Treaty of Munster. 

Do the exercises on pages 56-57

Assignment: finish timeline

• You are going to finish your timeline of the important events from   chapter 1 (Reformation and Dutch Revolt).
  
• Make sure you have at least 12 in total events you think are important   enough to include.